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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2011, Número 2

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Rev Invest Clin 2011; 63 (2)


Diabetes tipo 2 de inicio temprano en Jamaica y en México. Oportunidades derivadas de un estudio interétnias

Irving R, Tusié-Luna MT, Mills J, Wright-Pascoe R, McLaughlin W, Aguilar-Salinas CA

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 67
Paginas: 198-209
Archivo PDF: 120.20 Kb.


RESUMEN

Poblaciones con ancestría amerindia o africana son las que tienen la mayor prevalencia de diabetes en el mundo. Un alto porcentaje de sus fundadores estuvieron expuestos a la hambruna. Los fenómenos que les permitieron sobrevivir son patogénicos para sus descendientes que viven en un ambiente con exceso de calorías. En países como México y Jamaica en los que la diabetes tiene una prevalencia alta, la enfermedad inicia a edades menores. Nuestro objetivo es revisar la información sobre diabetes en Mexico y Jamaica, además de discutir las oportunidades que ofrece un estudio interétnico para brindar información nueva de la genética de la diabetes. La prevalencia de diabetes en Jamaica es 17.9% en los mayores de 15 años. Los investigadores de Jamaica tienen una cohorte de familias con diabetes tipo 2 de inicio temprano, en quienes se ha excluido anormalidades en los genes MODY. Por otra parte, la prevalencia de diabetes en adultos Mexicanos es de 14.4%. El grupo de edad en que ha ocurrido un cambio mayor en la prevalencia es el compuesto por menores de 40 años. Más de dos terceras partes de los casos de inicio temprano estudiados en población abierta tienen un índice de masa corporal › 25 kg/m2 y las características clínicas del síndrome metabólico. Una minoría tienen mutaciones en los genes MODY. El estudio conjunto de las cohortes de México y Jamaica de pacientes con diabetes de inicio temprano será útil para identificar nuevos factores genéticos y ambientales que participan en la patogénesis de la diabetes.


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