Garay-Sevilla ME, Porras JS, Malacara JM

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 155-161
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RESUMEN

Introducción. Diversos factores psicosociales y culturales contribuyen a la adherencia al tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), como el apoyo social, las estrategias psicológicas de afrontamiento y el costo de la atención médica. Objetivo. Estudiar la influencia de diversos factores psicosociales en la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con DM2. Material y métodos. En un diseño transversal se estudió la adherencia a la dieta y los medicamentos, y su relación con estrategias de afrontamiento (EA), la creencia en la medicina convencional, el apoyo social, y la carga del costo del tratamiento en las finanzas de la familia. Resultados. Se incluyeron 210 pacientes con una media de edad de 56.3 y 9.4 años desde el diagnóstico. Los hombres tenían mejor adherencia a la medicación (p ‹ 0.016), apoyo social (p ‹ 0.004) y tasas más altas de EA de apoyo (31.8 vs. 29.0, p ‹ 0.009). La adherencia a la dieta se asoció con la creencia en la medicina convencional (p ‹ 0.035) y marginalmente con EA fatalista (p ‹ 0.05). Al analizar la cobertura de seguridad social como variable de confusión, se encontró asociación marginal (p ‹ 0.15). La adherencia a la medicación se asoció con EA de apoyo (p ‹ 0.02) y con EA evasiva (p ‹ 0.05). Conclusiones. La EA de apoyo fue más frecuente en los hombres. La creencia en la medicina convencional y EA de apoyo se asociaron con la adherencia al tratamiento. Estos factores deben ser considerados para un tratamiento más racional de la DM2.

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