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2013, Número 1

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Rev Cubana Plant Med 2013; 18 (1)


Actividad antioxidante y antibacteriana de extractos de hojas de cuatro especies agroforestales de la Orinoquía colombiana

Pabón BLC, Vanegas GJ, Rendón FMR, Santos AR, Hernández RP

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 67
Paginas: 57-70
Archivo PDF: 128.66 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: las especies agroforestales son fuente importante de metabolitos secundarios de utilidad en la industria farmacéutica, cosmética y veterinaria. En los países con alta diversidad biológica como Colombia se busca ampliar el conocimiento biológico, químico y económico de especies vegetales con uso potencial.
Objetivo: establecer la actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante de los extractos de hojas de Jatropha curcas L. y de 3 variedades de Hibiscus cannabinus L. (Tainung, Everglades y Whitten).
Métodos: las hojas se recolectaron en Restrepo (Meta) y se sometieron a extracción por soxhlet, y microondas con solventes de diferente polaridad como éter de petróleo, diclorometano y etanol (EP, CH2Cl2 y EtOH). La actividad antibacteriana se estableció por difusión en agar frente a cepas de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus, y la actividad antioxidante por el método autobiográfico utilizando como agentes reveladores 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo y ß-caroteno.
Resultados: de acuerdo con los porcentajes de extracción hallados, se determinó que la mayoría de los compuestos presentes en estas especies tienen alta polaridad. Los extractos que presentaron la mayor actividad antioxidante fueron los correspondientes a las variedades de Hibiscus cannabinus y, en especial, los extractos de baja y alta polaridad obtenidos por el método de soxhlet. El 20 % del total de los extractos presentaron una respuesta favorable frente a las 2 cepas; los extractos obtenidos por el método de microondas resultaron más selectivos para Escherichia coli.
Conclusión: este trabajo se presenta como una contribución al avance de investigaciones biodirigidas, que identifiquen principios activos para el desarrollo de antibióticos y antioxidantes naturales a partir de residuos agroforestales.


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