Díaz-Martínez NE, Velasco I

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 55
Paginas: 140-149
Archivo PDF: 143.36 Kb.

RESUMEN

Los proteoglicanos de condroitin sulfato (PGCS) son componentes de la matriz extracelular que químicamente están constituidos por péptidos unidos en forma covalente a cadenas de glicosaminoglicanos. Existen cuatro familias de PGCS y una de ellas, los lecticanos, se localizan principalmente en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) de vertebrados. Estudios in vitro han demostrado una participación negativa de los PGCS en el crecimiento neurítico de células en desarrollo, asociada con la despolimerización de filamentos de actina en el citoesqueleto neuronal. Asimismo, se ha observado una expresión incrementada de los PGCS en algunos padecimientos neurodegenerativos, y más consistentemente en lesiones traumáticas del SNC en organismos adultos. Se ha reportado que estos PGCS también inhiben el crecimiento axonal in vivo, por lo que el bloquear esta inhibición podría resultar en terapias efectivas dirigidas al reestablecimiento de circuitos neuronales. Existe suficiente evidencia que muestra que la degradación de PGCS con la enzima condroitinasa ABC in vivo permite tanto el crecimiento axonal, como la recuperación funcional en modelos de lesión en el SNC de mamíferos. Estos datos permiten pensar que la manipulación de la respuesta al daño puede resultar en formas eficaces de promover la recuperación de funciones nerviosas en padecimientos neurológicos que afectan al humano, como la lesión medular o la enfermedad de Parkinson.

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