2010, Número 2
<< Anterior
Rev Invest Clin 2010; 62 (2)
Estilos de vida y prevención primaria y secundaria de enfermedad vascular cerebral
Ruiz-Sandoval JL, León-Jiménez C, Chiquete-Anaya E, Sosa-Hernández JL, Espinosa-Casillas CA, Cantú C, Villarreal J, Barinagarrementeria F, Ruiz-Sandoval JL, Arauz A, Leyva A, Murillo L, Alegría MA, Merino J, Romano J, González-Vargas O
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 67
Paginas: 181-191
Archivo PDF: 92.43 Kb.
FRAGMENTO
El impacto que la enfermedad vascular cerebral
(EVC) tiene sobre la mortalidad y
morbilidad en países en vías de desarrollo
como en los desarrollados es alarmante. En
Estados Unidos, por ejemplo, la EVC constituye
la tercera causa de muerte, es la principal
causa de discapacidad entre los adultos,
representa la segunda causa de demencia y es
el principal motivo de hospitalización.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1269-76.
Goldstein LB, Adams R, Alberts MJ, Appel LJ, Brass LM, Bushnell CD, et al. American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group; American Academy of Neurology. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke 2006; 37: 1583-633.
Sauerbeck LR. Primary Stroke Prevention. Am J Nurs 2006; 11: 40-9.
Meairs S, Wahlgren N, Dirnagl U, Lindvall O, Rothwell P, Baron JC, et al. Stroke Research Priorities for the Next Decade – A Representative View of the European Scientific Community Summary of Stroke Research Workshop, Brussels. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006; 22: 75-82.
Samossian N, Ovbiagele B. Multimodality Stroke Prevention. The Neurologist 2006; 12: 14-31.
Chiuve SE, Rexrode KM, Spiegelman D, Logroscino G, Manson JE, Rimm EB. Primary Prevention of Stroke by Healthy Lifestyle. Circulation 2008: 118: 947-54.
Kurth T, Moore S, Gaziano JM, Kase C, Stampfer J, Berger K, et al. Healthy lifestyle and the risk of stroke in Women. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 1403-9.
Thun MJ, Apicella LF, Henley SJ. Smoking vs Other Risk Factors as the Cause of Smoking-Attributable Deaths. Confounding in the Courtroom. JAMA 2000; 284: 706-12.
Kuri-Morales PA, González-Roldán JF, Hoy MJ, Cortés-Ramírez M. Epidemiology of tobacco use in Mexico. Salud Pública Mex 2006; 48(Suppl. 1): S91-S98.
Jood K, Jern Ch, Wilhelmsen L, Rosengren A. Body mass index in mid-life is associated with a first stroke in men: a prospective population study over 28 years. Stroke 2004; 35: 2764-69.
Myint Ph, Welch A, Bingham A, Luben R, Wareham N, Day N, Khaw KT. Smoking predicts long-term mortality in stroke: The European Prospective Investigaton into Cancer (EPIC)- Norfolk prospective population study. Preventive Medicine 2006; 42: 128-31.
Cantú A, Arauz A, Barinagarrementería F, Ruiz-Sandoval JL, Rangel R, Villarreal J. Etiologic subtypes of ischemic stroke in hispanic mestizos. Int J Stroke 2006; 1: 111-74.
Shinton R, Beevers G. Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke. BMJ 1989; 298(6676): 789-94.
Broderick J, Viscoli C, Brott Th, Kernan W, Brass L, Feldman E, et al. Mayor risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the young are modifiable. Stroke 2003; 34: 1375-81.
Iribarren C, Darbinian J, Klatsky A, Friedman G. Cohort study of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of first ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Neuroepidemiology 2004; 23: 38-44.
He Y, Lam T, Jiang B, Wang J, Sai X, Fan L et al. Passive Smoking and risk of peripheral arterial disease and ischemic stroke in Chineses women who never smoked. Circulation 2008; 118: 1535-40.
Anderson CS, Feigin V, Bennett D, Lin RB, Hankey G, Jamrozik K, for the Australasian Cooperative Research on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Study (ACROSS) Group Active and Passive Smoking and the Risk of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage An International Population-Based Case-Control Study. Stroke 2004; 35: 636-7.
Glymour MM, Defries TB, Kawachi I, Avendano M. Spousal smoking and incidence of first stroke: Health and Retirement Study. Am J Prev Med 2008; 35(3): 245-8.
Olaiz-Fernández G, Rivera-Dommarco J, Shamah-Levy T, Rojas R, Villalpando-Hernández S, Hernández-Avila M, Sepúlveda- Amor J. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006. Cuernavaca, México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 2006.
He FJ, Nowson CA, McGregor GA. Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: Meta-analysis of cohort studies. Lancet. 2006; 367: 320-6.
Dauchet L, Amouyel Ph, Dallongeville J. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of stroke: a metanalysis of cohort studies. Neurology 2005; 65: 1193-7.
Joshipura KJ, Ascherio A, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB, Speizer FE et al. Fruit and vegetable intake in relation to risk of ischemic stroke. JAMA 1999; 282: 1233-9.
Fung TT, Chiuve SE, McCullough ML, Rexrode KM, Logroscino G, Hu GB. Adherence to a DASH-Style Diet and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Women. Arch Intern Med. 2008; 168(7): 713-20.
Geleijnse JM, Witteman JC, Stijnen T, Kloos MW, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. Sodium and potassium intake and risk of cardiovascular eventsand all-cause mortality: the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2007; 22: 763-70.
Cook NR, Cutler JA, Obarzanek E, Buring JE, Rexrode JM, Kumanyika SK, et al. For the Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group. Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP). BMJ 2007; 334: 885-92.
McCullough M, Feskanich D, Rimm E, Giovannucci E, Ascherio A, Vas J, et al. Adherence to the dietary guidelines for Americans and risk of major chronic disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 1223-31.
Umesava M, Iso H, Date Ch, Yamamoto A, Toyoshima H, Watanabe Y, et al. Relations between dietary sodium and potassium intakes and mortality from cardiovascular disease: the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for evaluation of cancer risks. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88: 195-202.
Umesava M, Iso H, Date Ch, Yamamoto A, Toyoshima H, Watanabe Y, et al. Dietary intake of calcium in relation to mortality from cardiovascular disesase: The JACC Study. Stroke 2006; 37: 20-6.
Burgess E, Lewanczuk R, Bolli P, Chockalingam A, Cutler H, Taylor G. Recommendations on potassium, magnesium and calcium. JAMC 1999; 160(Suppl. 9): 35-45.
Fodor JG, Whitmore B, Leenen F, Larochelle P. Recommendations of dietary salt. JAMC 1999; 160(Suppl. 9): 29-34.
He K, Song Y, Daviglus M, Liu K, Van Horn L, et al. Fish consumption and incidence of stroke: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Stroke 2004; 35: 1538-42.
WHO. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO Technical Report Series 854. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995.
WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004; 363(9403): 157-63.
Zimmet P, George K, Alberti MM, Serrano M. Una nueva definición mundial del síndrome metabólico propuesta por la Federación Internacional de Diabetes: fundamento y resultados. Rev Esp Cardiol 2005; 58(12): 1371-6.
Song YM, Sung J, Smith D, Ebrahim S. Body mass index and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: a prospective study in Korean men. Stroke 2004; 35: 831-6.
Curioni C, André Ch, Veras R. Weight reduction for primary prevention of stroke in adults with overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006062.
Kurth T, Gaziano M, Berger K, Kase C, Rexrode K, Cook N, et al. Body mass index and the risk of stroke in men. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 2557-62.
Kiely D, Wolf P, Cupples A, Beiser A, Kannel W. Physical activity and stroke risk: The Framingham study. Am J Epidem 1994; 40: 608-20.
Haheim Ll, Holme I, Hjermann I, Leren P. Risk factors of stroke incidence and mortality. A 12-year follow-up of the Oslo study. Stroke 1993; 24: 1484-9.
Lindenstrom E, Boysen G and Nyboe J. Lifestyle factors and risk of cerebrovascular disease in women. The Copenhagen City. Stroke 1993; 24: 1468-72.
Lee Ch D, Folsom AR, Blair SN. Physical Activity and Stroke Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2003; 34: 2475-82.
Hu G, Sarti C, Jousilahti P, Silventoinene K, Barengo N and Tuomilehto J. Leisure time, occupational, and commuting physical activity and the risk of stroke. Stroke 2005; 36: 1994-99.
Baker G, Gray S, Wright A, Fitzsimons C, Nimmo M, Lowry R, et al. The effect of a pedometer-based community walking intervention “Walking for Welbeing in the West” on physical activity levels and health outcomes: a 12-week randomized controlled trial. Internat J Behav Nutr and Phys Act 2008; 5: 44-60.
Bravata D, Smith-Spangler C, Sundaram V, Gienger AL, Lin N, Lewis R et al. Using Pedometers to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health. A Systematic Review. JAMA 2007; 298(19): 2296-304.
Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones. México: 2008.
Reynolds K, Lewis LB, Nolen JD, Kinney GL, Sathya B, He J. Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Stroke. A Meta-analysis. JAMA 2003; 289: 579-88.
Treadwell SD, Robinson TG. Cocaine use and stroke. Postgrad Med J 2007; 83: 389-94.
Kaku DA, Lowenstein DH. Emergence of Recreational Drug Abuse as a Major Risk Factor for Stroke in Young Adults. Ann Neurol 1990; 113: 821-7.
Petitti DB, Sidney S, Quesenberry Ch, Bernstein A. Stroke and Cocaine or Amphetamine Use. Epidemiology 1998; 9: 596- 600.
Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica. México: 2006.
Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, et al.; Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321-33.
Vickers MR, MacLennan AH, Lawton B, Ford D, Martin J, Meredith SK, et al.; WISDOM group. Main morbidities recorded in the women’s international study of long duration oestrogen after menopause (WISDOM): a randomised controlled trial of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. BMJ 2007; 239: 1-12.
Bath PMW, Gray LJ. Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent stroke: a meta-analysis. BMJ 2005; 330: 342-5.
Baillargeon JP, McClish DK, Essah PA, Nestler JE. Association between the Current Use of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives and Cardiovascular Arterial Disease: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 3863–70.
Gillum LA, Mamidipudi SK, Johnston SC. Ischemic stroke Risk with oral contraceptives a meta-analysis. JAMA 2000; 284: 72-8.
Martinelli I, Acchi ES, Landi G, Taioli E, Duca F, Mannucci PM. High risk of cerebral-vein thrombosis in carriers of a prothrombin- gene mutation and in users of oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 1793-7
Medina-Mora Icaza ME, Borges-Guimaraes G, Lara C, Ramos- Lira L, Zambrano J, Fleiz-Bautista C. Prevalencia de sucesos violentos y de trastorno por estrés postraumático en la población mexicana. Salud Publica Mex 2005; 47: 8-22.
Medina-Mora ME, Borges G, Lara-Muñoz C, Benjet C, Blanco Jaimes J, Fleiz Bautista C y cols. Prevalencia de Trastornos Mentales y uso de servicios: Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Epidemiología Psiquiátrica en México. Salud Mental 2003; 26(4): 1-16.
Marrero AF, al’Absi M, Pincomb GA, Lovallo WR. Men at risk for hypertension show elevated vascular resistance at rest and during mental stress. Int J Psychophysiol 1997; 25(3): 185-92.
Becker LC, Pepine CJ, Bonsall R, Cohen JD, Goldberg AD, Coghlan C, et al. For the PIMI Investigators. Left Ventricular, Peripheral Vascular, and Neurohumoral Responses to Mental Stress in Normal Middle-Aged Men and Women. Circulation 1996; 94: 2768-77.
Ring C, Burns VE, Carroll D. Shifting hemodynamics of blood pressure control during prolonged mental stress. Psychophysiology 2002; 39(5): 585-90.
Huisman HW, van Rooyen JM, Malan NT, Eloff FC, Malan L, Laubscher PJ, et al. Prolactin, testosterone and cortisol as possible markers of changes in cardiovascular function associated with urbanization. Journal of Human Hypertension 2002; 16: 829-35.
Nagykálló PS. Anxiety as an independent cardiovascular risk. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2006; 8(1): 5-11.
Gafarov VV, Gromova EA, Gagulin IV, Pilipenko PI. A study of the risk factors of stroke development in the framework of WHO program MONICA-psychosocial. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2005; (Suppl. 13): 36-41.
Macleod J, Smith GD, Heslop P, Metcalfe C, Carroll D, Hart C. Are the effects of psychosocial exposures attributable to confounding? Evidence from a prospective observational study on psychological stress and mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001; 55: 878-84.
Cohlin B, Nilsson PM, Nilsson JA, Berglund G. Chronic psychosocial stress predicts long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in middle-aged men. European Heart Journal 2004; 25: 867-3.
Castillo-Richmond A, Schneider RH, Alexander ChN, Cook R, Myers H, Nidich S, et al. Effects of Stress Reduction on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Hypertensive African Americans. Stroke 2000; 31: 568-73.