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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2010, Número 3

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Rev Invest Clin 2010; 62 (3)


Estado actual de la preeclampsia en México: de lo epidemiológico a sus mecanismos moleculares

Sánchez-Rodríguez EN, Nava-Salazar S, Morán C, Romero-Arauz JF, Cerbón-Cervantes MA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 70
Paginas: 252-260
Archivo PDF: 104.90 Kb.


RESUMEN

La preeclampsia (PE) es una de las complicaciones más severas del embarazo, cuya etiología es desconocida. Esta revisión aborda aspectos generales y de diagnóstico de la PE, así como aspectos epidemiológicos en población mexicana, en particular la experiencia del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Nos enfocamos también al análisis y actualización de dos de las principales hipótesis que tratan de explicarla: la inmunológica y la de isquemia placentaria. Diversos estudios sugieren que las células asesinas naturales (NK) participan en el proceso de remodelación vascular de la placenta y en el desarrollo normal de ésta. Análisis genéticos indican que los receptores KIR presentes en las células NK, podrían participar en la susceptibilidad a la enfermedad. En esta revisión discutimos resultados recientes de nuestro grupo que muestran la persistencia de las células NK en la decidua materna, al final del embarazo, así como los genotipos para los receptores KIR en mujeres mexicanas con embarazos normoevolutivos y con PE. Se sabe que esta enfermedad se caracteriza por una deficiente placentación, hipoxia y un aumento en la concentración de factores anti-angiogénicos relacionados con la sobre-expresión del factor inducible por hipoxia 1 alfa (HIF1-alfa). Discutimos avances de nuestros resultados sobre la regulación de HIF y dos de los polimorfismos de este gen, en mujeres con PE en población mexicana.


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