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Colegio de Medicos y Cirujanos República de Costa Rica

2013, Número 605

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Rev Med Cos Cen 2013; 70 (605)


Breve historia de la tuberculosis

Cartes PJC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 145-150
Archivo PDF: 252.25 Kb.


RESUMEN

La tuberculosis es causada por un grupo de especies bacterianas estrechamente relacionadas denominado complejo Micobacterium tuberculosis (CMTB). La tuberculosis probablemente ha afectado a la humanidad por milenios, sin embargo el origen cronológico del complejo M. tuberculosis ha sido difícil de conciliar. Existe una fuerte evidencia que demuestra que el CMTB evolucionó en el Este del continente Africano afectando, probablemente, a los primeros ancestros homínidos. Antes del siglo XIX la tuberculosis se mantuvo como una enfermedad desconocida. Los aportes de investigadores como Villemin, Laennec y en especial, el descubrimiento del agente etiológico de la tuberculosis por Robert Koch, fueron fundamentales para un mejor entendimiento de la enfermedad. El surgimiento de los sanatorios, la implementación de antibióticos fueron elementos fundamentales en la lucha antituberculosa. Recientemente, las estrategias y planes mundiales lideradas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud han sido las acciones tomadas para controlar, reducir y eliminar la tuberculosis.


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