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2012, Número 2

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2012; 20 (2)


Ritmicidad biológica de la secreción de ghrelina, GH e IGF-1, y su regulación por la alimentación

Arellanes-Licea E, Díaz-Muñoz M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 124
Paginas: 74-87
Archivo PDF: 486.37 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los organismos presentan un mecanismo adaptativo y varias de sus funciones están sincronizadas a factores ambientales, también poseen relojes biológicos que de forma endógena estiman el tiempo. El más importante de estos factores es el ciclo geofísico de rotación de la Tierra. En consecuencia, funciones como el ciclo sueño-vigilia y la secreción de diversas hormonas exhiben un ritmo que, dado su período, se denomina circadiano. Existe una relación entre la alimentación, los órganos que participan en la ingesta y el metabolismo y la fisiología circadiana. Esta revisión se basa en un eje hormonal implicado en este proceso, dado que la ghrelina secretada durante el ayuno promueve la secreción de la hormona de crecimiento (GH) y ésta, la síntesis y secreción deI IGF-1. En conjunto, su función recae en la regulación del apetito, la conducta, el crecimiento y proliferación celular, con un papel preponderante en la regulación metabólica de nutrimentos. Cuando se restringe el acceso al alimento, se favorece la expresión de un reloj biológico denominado oscilador sincronizado por los alimentos. La emergencia de este oscilador resulta en una condición reostática en la que se modifican las señales de hambre, saciedad y las bioquímicas. Es probable que la actividad del eje hormonal ghrelina, GH-IGF-1, participe en su fisiología. El delicado balance entre la ingesta, las señales orexigénicas y anorexigénicas, la actividad física, el metabolismo central y periférico, y la sincronización interna son parte del proceso de pérdida, estabilidad o ganancia de peso y potencialmente pueden incidir sobre la actual epidemia de obesidad y el síndrome metabólico.


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