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ISSN 1561-302X (Impreso)

2012, Número 4

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Rev cubana med 2012; 51 (4)


MicroRNAs en el cáncer: de la investigación a la práctica clínica

Frontela NM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 62
Paginas: 325-335
Archivo PDF: 139.25 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los microRNAs (miRNAS) son una clase de RNAs no codificantes que actúan como reguladores de la expresión génica. Las secuencias de muchos de ellos están conservadas entre organismos no relacionados, lo cual sugiere que estas moléculas participan en procesos biológicos esenciales. Frecuentemente, la expresión de los miRNAs está alterada en muchos tipos de cánceres humanos y resultan críticos en la carcinogénesis, ya que funcionan como genes supresores tumorales o como oncogenes. Estudios recientes han demostrado que los miRNAs están muy relacionados con la progresión del cáncer, que incluye el crecimiento del tumor, la diferenciación, la adhesión, la apoptosis, la invasión y la formación de metástasis. En esta revisión se presenta la investigación básica y traslacional que ha emergido en la última década, un período que puede ser considerado como el de la "revolución de los miRNAs" en la oncología molecular. En ella se incluyen las características de los miRNAs, su biogénesis y procesamiento, sus funciones y los mecanismos que alteran su expresión en cáncer. Los miRNAs han generado un gran interés por sus aplicaciones potenciales en medicina, por lo que, además, se refieren sus perspectivas futuras en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y terapia del cáncer.


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