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2012, Número 2

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Correo Científico Médico 2012; 16 (2)


Asesoramiento genético sobre el cáncer de mama

Álvarez EOA, Cruz MT, Osorio MC, Cardet EM, Díaz AMT

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 30
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 180.26 Kb.


RESUMEN

El cáncer de mama es una neoplasia maligna, de acuerdo con su etiología, la genética lo clasifica en esporádico o hereditario. La forma hereditaria es causada por una mutación en la línea germinal en genes supresores de tumores y la más frecuente se localizada en los genes BRAC1 y BRAC2. Los individuos portadores de estos genes presentan un incremento del riesgo de desarrollar cáncer. La historia familiar es esencial para su identificación, además existen los criterios cualitativos de la American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) y los diferentes modelos matemáticos que resultan útiles en el cálculo del riesgo de padecer cáncer de mama o de portar la mutación. En los individuos con probabilidad de presentar una mutación hay que valorar la realización del test genético. Además, existe la prevención convencional que por su alto riego es muy importante y debe comenzar a los 25 años. El asesoramiento genético es de gran importancia para la prevención y el manejo integral de esta enfermedad.


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