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2009, Número 4

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Rev Mex Med Repro 2009; 1.2 (4)


Fisiología de la reproducción humana

Velázquez CG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 115-130
Archivo PDF: 911. Kb.


RESUMEN

El proceso reproductivo es uno de los eventos más complejos, pero al mismo tiempo más fascinantes de la naturaleza, pues representa para cada individuo la posibilidad de perpetuarse a través de sus descendientes. El proceso requiere, también, la participación del ovocito, el gameto femenino que procede del evento de maduración folicular efectuado en el ovario, además de la participación de otras estructuras del sistema nervioso central, que constituyen el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-ovario. Por su parte, el semen depositado en el fondo de saco vaginal y en el conducto endocervical durante el coito, contiene como elemento principal al espermatozoide, el gameto masculino que deberá iniciar una difícil jornada a partir de este momento, que incluye un largo recorrido a través del aparato genital femenino hasta la porción ampular de la salpinge, sitio donde normalmente ocurre la fertilización en el humano y donde en una fase periovulatoria podrá unirse con el óvulo y completará su jornada al fusionarse con él, dando lugar a la fertilización, que representa el trofeo para el espermatozoide más capacitado de entre 200 y 500 millones que han participado en esa difícil travesía.


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