Pérez-Mendoza M, De Ita-Pérez D, Díaz-Muñoz M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 17
Paginas: 10-20
Archivo PDF: 592.25 Kb.

RESUMEN

La gluconeogénesis (GNG) es la ruta metabólica que permite la síntesis de glucosa a partir de sustratos no glúcidos, principalmente en el hígado. La vía como tal, apareció temprano en la filogenia de los seres vivos, pero actualmente se le relaciona primariamente con la respuesta al ayuno (se activa) y a la alimentación (se inhibe) en organismos vertebrados. Las enzimas clave del proceso, fosfoenolpiruvato carboxicinasa y glucosa 6-fosfatasa se encuentran sujetas a una compleja regulación endocrina y transcripcional. Otro tipo de regulación ejercida sobre la GNG es a través del reloj circadiano molecular, que le confiere ritmicidad con un periodo cercano a las 24 h. La GNG en el hígado se lleva a cabo principalmente en los hepatocitos periportales. Varias patologías, entre ellas la diabetes, existe desregulación en la GNG.

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