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2012, Número 2

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Vet Mex 2012; 43 (2)


Cambios nutrimentales en el lechón y desarrollo morfofisiológico de su aparato digestivo

Reis STC, Mariscal LG, Escobar GK, Aguilera BA, Magné BA

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 86
Paginas: 155-173
Archivo PDF: 463.79 Kb.


RESUMEN

En esta revisión se muestra el desarrollo que tiene el tracto gastrointestinal (TGI) desde la vida intrauterina. Inmediatamente después del nacimiento el TGI inicia otra fase importante de su ontogénesis, la cual garantiza el acceso de los lechones a sustancias protectoras del calostro y a los nutrimentos de la leche. Otra etapa de importancia en el desarrollo del TGI se da después del destete, en general, en los días alrededor del mismo se presentan cambios en la vida del lechón los cuales conducen a una disminución en el consumo de alimento por la confluencia de una serie de factores que llevan a un estrés nutricional, y tiene como consecuencia la atrofia en las vellosidades intestinales, disminuyendo la capacidad del lechón para digerir y absorber los nutrimentos necesarios para su buen crecimiento. El peso del intestino delgado se ve afectado debido a una pérdida neta de mucosa intestinal. La disminución en el consumo voluntario también produce una reducción en la actividad de las enzimas pancreáticas, por la falta del sustrato necesario para su acción, y de las enzimas de borde en cepillo, en primer lugar por una pérdida física de enterocitos a nivel del intestino delgado y, en segundo lugar, por una ausencia de sustrato. Una vez que los animales empiezan a consumir alimento sólido, el organismo pasa por un proceso de adaptación a todos los factores adversos antes mencionados y los animales comienzan a recuperar el crecimiento del TGI y con ello sus funciones digestivas. En este proceso, la cantidad de alimento que se proporciona, así como las materias primas que lo componen, tienen un papel importante en la maduración del TGI de los lechones recién destetados.


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