Solís-Chagoyán H, Domínguez-Alonso A, Calixto E, Benítez-King G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 44
Paginas: 241-246
Archivo PDF: 430.19 Kb.

RESUMEN

La esquizofrenia (EZ) es un trastorno psiquiátrico que se caracteriza por la presencia de delirios, alucinaciones, pensamiento desorganizado, lenguaje desestructurado, alteraciones del comportamiento social y aplanamiento afectivo, entre otros síntomas. Los pacientes con EZ también presentan un déficit en la capacidad olfatoria desde la fase prodrómica del trastorno.
El déficit olfatorio en la EZ puede presentarse por alteraciones anatómico-estructurales del SNC o por anomalías a nivel periférico en el epitelio olfatorio. Las alteraciones principales del SNC son la disminución del volumen de los bulbos olfatorios, de estructuras de la corteza olfatoria primaria, del hipocampo y de la amígdala coronal. El epitelio olfatorio en los estadios tempranos de la EZ presenta anomalías funcionales en la diferenciación y en la respuesta biofísica de las neuronas sensoriales olfatorias, lo que sugiere que existe un desacoplamiento de la transducción olfatoria.
El cultivo celular del epitelio olfatorio ha permitido aislar células progenitoras multipotenciales que poseen la capacidad de proliferar y diferenciarse en neuronas y glía. El estudio de este modelo podría aportar evidencia sobre las causas que explicarían el déficit olfatorio en la esquizofrenia y permitiría estudiar hipótesis que intenten explicar las causas de la fisiopatología de este trastorno en el neurodesarrollo así como detectar biomarcadores genéticos, proteómicos o funcionales que permitan un diagnóstico biológico.

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