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2012, Número 2

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Rev Cubana Plant Med 2012; 17 (2)


Importancia química de Jatropha curcas y sus aplicaciones biológicas, farmacológicas e industriales

Pabón LC, Hernández-Rodríguez P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 61
Paginas: 194-209
Archivo PDF: 124.68 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: Jatropha curcas L. (Euforbiaceae) es un árbol con múltiples propósitos; fuente alternativa para la obtención de biodiesel, alimentación humana y animal, producción de fertilizantes y en medicina tradicional. En los últimos años, el aumento en la prevalencia de bacterias multirresistentes y la aparición de cepas con reducida susceptibilidad a los antibióticos han propiciado la búsqueda de principios activos naturales, que controlen infecciones y plagas y minimicen los efectos secundarios producidos por las sustancias sintéticas.
Objetivo: establecer la importancia química y las aplicaciones biológicas, farmacológicas e industriales de Jatropha curcas frente a sus efectos tóxicos.
Métodos: se realizó una revisión exhaustiva y actualizada sobre diferentes investigaciones, que permitió identificar los aspectos más relevantes de los principales compuestos químicos presentes en cada una de las partes de la planta. Igualmente, se determinó la aplicación biológica, la utilidad medicinal, la toxicidad y la importancia industrial de Jatropha curcas.
Resultados: Jatropha curcas se emplea de manera tradicional para el tratamiento de infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas o para enfermedades con episodios febriles, dolor muscular o ictericia. También es utilizada para la obtención de nuevos medicamentos mediante la identificación de principios activos, que permitan eliminar patógenos o inhibir signos y síntomas de enfermedades humanas y veterinarias.
Conclusiones: de las especies con aplicaciones medicinales y diversidad en la obtención de productos útiles para la industria, Jatropha curcas es una de las que presenta gran número de reportes que evidencian su utilidad en la industria farmacéutica, agrícola, cosmética y alimenticia.


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