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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2012, Número 2

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salud publica mex 2012; 54 (2)


Causas nutricionales de anemia en niños menores de 5 años. Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006

De la Cruz-Góngora V, Villalpando S, Rebollar R, Shamah-Levy T, Méndez-Gómez HI

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 37
Paginas: 108-115
Archivo PDF: 114.36 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo. Describir las causas y severidad de la anemia y los factores nutricionales asociados con hemoglobina en niños anémicos ‹5 años. Material y métodos. Estudiamos los niveles de hemoglobina y las concentraciones séricas de ferritina, receptores solubles de transferrina, proteína C reactiva (CRP), zinc, hierro, cobre, magnesio, vitamina B12 y folato en 981 niños. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión ordinal y regresiones lineales múltiples para evaluar el riesgo de severidad de anemia y la variabilidad en hemoglobina. Resultados. La prevalencia de anemia fue de 20.6%; el 14 y 6.38% tenían anemia leve y moderada. La anemia se asoció con deficiencia de hierro (DH) en 42.17%; la DH coexistió con deficiencia de folatos y vitamina B12 en 9%. Sólo 2% de la anemia se asoció con deficiencia de folatos o vitamina B12. CRP (coef: 0.17 g/dl) y el tercer tercil de cobre (coef: -0.85 g/dl) se asociaron con anemia sin explicar (p‹0.05). Conclusiones. DH es la principal causa de anemia en niños ‹5 años. Las concentraciones de folato y vitamina B12 se asociaron con anemia. La CRP se asoció con anemia sin explicar. Sin embargo, la deficiencia de vitamina A, que se asocia con anemia, no fue estudiada.


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