2012, Número 1
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Med Int Mex 2012; 28 (1)
Malnutrición en el anciano. Parte I: desnutrición, el viejo enemigo
García ZT, Villalobos SJA
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 17
Paginas: 57-64
Archivo PDF: 286.07 Kb.
RESUMEN
La desnutrición se relaciona con múltiples consecuencias, desde disfunción inmunitaria hasta aumento en la mortalidad. En personas de edad avanzada las causas de este padecimiento son múltiples. Aunque no hay un método totalmente aceptado para su diagnóstico, el examen mínimo nutricional y la evaluación global subjetiva son las herramientas que más se utilizan. El tratamiento incluye asesoría dietética y corrección de las causas subyacentes (problemas dentales, depresión). Existen pocas evidencias que soporten cualquier agente farmacológico orexigénico para la pérdida de peso en personas de edad avanzada.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Vismanathan R, Chapman MI. Undernutrition and anorexia in the older person. Gastroenterol Clin N Am 2009;38:393-409.
www.insp.mx/encuesta-nacional-salud-y-nutricion-2006
Morley JE. Nutrition and the brain. Clin Geriatr Med 2010;26:89-98.
Wardwell L, Chapman-Novakofski K, Herrel S, Woods J. Nutrient intake and immune function of elderly subjects. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108:2005-2012.
Chapman MI. The anorexia of aging. Clin Geriatr Med 2007;23:735-756.
DeLegge MH, Drake LM. Nutritional Assessment. Gastroenterol Clin N Am 2007;36:1-22.
Tsai A, Chang TL, Wang Y Ch, Liao Ch Y. Population-Specific short-form mini nutritional assessment with body mass index or calf circumference can predict risk of malnutrition in community-living or institutionalized elderly people in Taiwan J Am Diet Assoc 2010;110:1328-1334.
Aquilani R, Viglio S, Iadarola P, Opasich C, Testa A, et al. Oral amino acid supplements improve exercise capacities in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2008;101 (suppl):104E-110E.
Solerte SB, Gazzaruso C, Bonacasa R, et al. Nutritional supplements with oral amino acid mixtures increases wholebody lean mass and insulin sensitivity in elderly subjects with sarcopenia. Am J Cardiol 2008;101(suppl):69E-77E.
American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: individualized nutrition approaches for older adults in health care communities J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110:1549-1553.
Castellanos V, Marra MV, Johnson P. Enhancement of select foods at breakfast and lunch increases energy intakes of nursing home residents with low meal intakes. J Am Diet Assoc 2009;109:445-451.
Kourlaba G, Polychronopoulos E, Zampelas A, et al. Development of a diet index for older adults and its relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors: the elderly dietary index. J Am Diet Assoc 2009;109:1022-1030.
Desai J, Winter A, Young K, Greenwood C. Changes in type of foodservice and dining room environment preferentially benefit institutionalized seniors with low body mass indexes. J Am Diet Assoc 2007;107:808-814.
Scognamiglio R, Testa S, Aquilani R, et al. Impairment in walking capacity and myocardial function in the elderly: is there a role for nonpharmacologic therapy with nutritional amino acid supplements? Am J Cardiol 2008;101(suppl):78E-81E.
Shatenstein B, Kergoat MJ, Reid I. Poor nutrient intakes during 1-year follow-up with community-dwelling older adults with early-stage Alzheimer dementia compared to cognitively intact matched controls. J Am Diet Assoc 2007;107:2091-2099.
Sebastian R, Cleveland L, Goldman J, Moshfegh J. Older adults who use vitamin/mineral supplements differ from nonusers in nutrient intake adequacy and dietary attitudes. J Am Diet Assoc 2007;107:1322-1332.
Burnett-Hartman A, Fitzpatrick A, Jackson S, Schreiner P. Supplement use contributes to meeting recommended dietary intakes for calcium, magnesium, and vitamin C in four ethnicities of middle-aged and older americans: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Diet Assoc 2009;109:422-429.