Cervantes MM, Meizoso VAI, Carrasco FDL, Alvarado BK

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 32
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RESUMEN

La hemorragia intraventricular es la afección intracraneal más común del recién nacido pretérmino. Se han reportado incidencias de 30 a 50% según diversos autores. Existen múltiples factores perinatales, prenatales y post-natales asociados como causa de la hemorragia de la matriz germinal, entre ellas la prematuridad, hipoxia, hipertensión, hipercapnia, hipernatremia, membrana hialina, convulsiones, neumotórax y otros. La incidencia de hemorragia intraventricular en el recién nacido pretérmino menor de 34 semanas es de un 25 y hasta un 40% con un 30 a un 60% de incidencia en el menor de 28 semanas. En los últimos años ha aumentado el interés por esta entidad debido a su frecuente aparición sobre todo en pretérminos de muy bajo peso al nacer, su cuadro clínico puede ir desde formas asintomáticas hasta la forma catastrófica, de ahí la importancia del diagnóstico ultrasonográfico, las complicaciones más frecuentemente observadas en esta afección son la hidrocefalia post hemorrágica y la leucomalacia periventricular las cuales pueden traer serias complicaciones a largo plazo e incluso la muerte. Por todo esto es necesario que se le preste mayor atención al diagnóstico precoz de la hemorragia intraventricular con vistas a disminuir la mortalidad, y lo que es más importante, la morbilidad que la acompaña.

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