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2010, Número 3

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Arch Med Actual Trac Gen Inf 2010; 2 (3)


La prevención del pre-cáncer y del cáncer cervical: Nuevas Opciones para el Siglo XXI

Bosch FX, Sanjose S, Miralles C, Castellsague X

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 83
Paginas: 14-30
Archivo PDF: 361.85 Kb.


RESUMEN

El descubrimiento de que el cáncer cervical y una fracción considerable de otros tumores del tracto anogenital y cavidad oral están causados por una enfermedad de etiología infecciosa causada por ciertos genotipos del virus del papiloma humano ha abierto dos grandes áreas en el camino de la prevención: Los tests de detección viral para la prevención secundaria y las vacunas VPH para prevención primaria de las infecciones y las lesiones asociadas.
Los tests de detección viral han demostrado ampliamente su superioridad en la detección de lesiones y en la predicción del riesgo y están siendo considerados en las nuevas generaciones de protocolos para la prevención secundaria.
Las vacunas específicas de tipo frente al VPH están basadas en partículas parecidas al virus (VLP), están vacías de contenido oncogénico y son capaces de inducir una fuerte respuesta inmunitaria. La acción de los anticuerpos es bloquear la entrada viral en la membrana basal del epitelio. Los estudios de fase III de dos vacunas ya han sido completados y la vacunación se ha iniciado de forma pública y masiva en la mayor parte de los países desarrollados.


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