2002, Número 6
Uso de diferentes combinaciones de inmunoterapia en pacientes con cáncer recurrente de cabeza y cuello. Experiencia del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
Barrera-Franco JL, Verastegui-Avilés E
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 41
Paginas: 399-407
Archivo PDF: 145.33 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: la presencia de recurrencias locorregionales constituyen la causa principal de muerte en los pacientes con cáncer avanzado de cabeza y cuello. En este grupo de enfermos existen dificultades inherentes a esta región anatómica que impiden realizar tratamientos adicionales con cirugía o radioterapia, lo cual se traduce en una pobre supervivencia y mala calidad de vida en estos pacientes.
Material y métodos: como parte del tratamiento multidisciplinario de estos tumores, recientemente se han utilizado estrategias basadas en inmunoterapia en forma neoadyuvante obteniéndose un incremento en la supervivencia, sin embargo, en pacientes con linfopenia grave, no ha sido posible obtener respuestas antitumorales mediadas inmunológicamente.
Con el objeto de explorar la capacidad de inducir un efecto antitumoral en pacientes linfopénicos con tumores avanzados, iniciamos un estudio piloto utilizando diferentes combinaciones de bioterapia (mezcla de citocinas, talidomida, timosina alfa). El objetivo de las combinaciones fue buscar un efecto sinérgico capaz de mejorar la capacidad de respuesta inmune en estos pacientes.
Resultados: se incluyeron 31 pacientes consecutivos a recibir, (a) una mezcla de citocinas naturales (12 pacientes), (b) citocinas y timosina alfa (5 pacientes), (c) talidomida (4 pacientes), o (d) citocinas y talidomida (10 pacientes). En forma transitoria, en 18 pacientes se obtuvieron respuestas clínicas, todos los pacientes presentaron paliación de síntomas y la combinación de talidomida y citocinas indujo un incremento en el número de linfocitos.
Los datos mostrados en este trabajo representan una posibilidad adicional de tratamiento en pacientes con neoplasias epidermoides de cabeza y cuello multitratados, con recurrencias.
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