Campuzano MG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 225
Paginas: 533-552
Archivo PDF: 740.67 Kb.

RESUMEN

La pica es un síntoma, no una enfermedad, que se manifiesta por la ingesta persistente y compulsiva de sustancias no comestibles como tierra, arcilla, tiza, jabón y materia fecal, o comestibles como hielo (pagofagia), almidón (amilofagia), papa, arroz y café, entre otras, en forma compulsiva y desenfrenada. Las formas más frecuentes de pica son la geofagia o consumo de tierra y la pagofagia o consumo de hielo. Similar a otros síntomas en medicina, como la fiebre y la anemia, la pica es un síntoma multicausal, siendo la deficiencia de hierro y la deficiencia de zinc las asociaciones más frecuentes, en donde el médico, antes que tratarla, debe identificar la causa íntima con la cual está relacionada y corregirla, como es posible en la mayoría de los casos en donde se presenta pica. La pica a pesar de ser un síntoma, de acuerdo con el tipo de pica y la intensidad de ésta, puede causar morbilidad y mortalidad. Dentro de las complicaciones relacionadas con la pica se incluyen los trastornos electrolíticos, la obstrucción y el daño del tracto digestivo por algunos tipos de pica, como la geofagia y la tricofagia, y la pica por objetos tan extraños como los plásticos (plasticofagia) y el velcro (velcrofagia). Su diagnóstico, que solo consiste en interrogar sobre esta práctica a los pacientes o a quienes los cuidan, en el caso de los niños y los pacientes con enfermedad mental, usualmente es ignorado durante la atención de los pacientes, muy probablemente debido al desconocimiento por parte del equipo de salud respecto a este trastorno o falta de tiempo en la consulta médica. El objetivo de este módulo es llamar la atención sobre este signo clínico cardinal, de tal manera que a partir de él se puedan identificar desde sus primeras etapas problemas latentes, aun antes de que se manifieste clínicamente la enfermedad de base o las complicaciones con ella asociadas.

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