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2011, Número 4

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Med Crit 2011; 25 (4)


Guía de práctica clínica para la tromboprofilaxis en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva

Carrillo-Esper R, Márquez AP, Sosa-García J, Aponte UM, Bobadilla AA, Briones GC, D´Ector LD, Elizondo AS, Gracia LR, Izaguirre AR, Lizárraga LS, López SN, Martínez ZR, Paredes AR, Pizaña DA, Ramírez RF, Ramírez ZL, Sánchez ZM, Vázquez GF, Villagómez OA, Zárate CP, Aldrete-Velasco J, Coronado AS, Jiménez GC, Cárdenas AA, Fonseca SL, Johnson HJ, Luque FD

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 122
Paginas: 227-254
Archivo PDF: 195.80 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa es una de las principales complicaciones en los pacientes hospitalizados, comprende la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) y el embolismo pulmonar (EP). Los enfermos hospitalizados presentan al menos un factor de riesgo para un evento tromboembólico venoso (ETV), de los cuales aproximadamente 40% presentan 3 o más factores de riesgo. Los pacientes con una enfermedad médica aguda tienen mayor riesgo de presentar un ETV y aproximadamente entre 10 a 30% de los pacientes con patología médica tiene TVP o desarrollan EP. Estudios clínicos actuales demuestran que los pacientes con patología médica presentan mayor riesgo de un ETV que los enfermos quirúrgicos.
La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa incrementa de manera significativa la morbilidad y mortalidad en los pacientes con enfermedades graves. En la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) la ausencia de tromboprofilaxis contribuye a una incidencia de 13 a 31% de cuadros sintomáticos o asintomáticos de TVP en el enfermo en estado crítico.
Objetivos: La realización de esta guía de práctica clínica (GPC) tiene como finalidad homologar las prácticas de evaluación, detección y prevención de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en el enfermo adulto y pediátrico graves, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad, atención y seguridad en esta población, teniendo como objetivo ser un marco de referencia para la toma de decisiones clínicas con base en las recomendaciones sustentadas en la mejor evidencia disponible en la actualidad.
Usuarios: Esta guía de práctica clínica está dirigida a médicos intensivistas, internistas, urgenciólogos, pediatras, neonatólogos y a todos aquellos involucrados en el manejo del paciente críticamente enfermo con riesgo de un evento tromboembólico en la unidad de terapia intensiva.


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