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Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado

2010, Número 3

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Rev Esp Med Quir 2010; 15 (3)


Enescencia, principio y fin de una célula tumoral

Luna EDJ, Herrera GNE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 165-172
Archivo PDF: 145.35 Kb.


RESUMEN

El organismo humano está en constante recambio celular. Un costo obvio de esta proliferación masiva y obligada es que por errores espontáneos en la replicación y reparación del ADN durante este enorme recambio celular pueden generarse genomas celulares con una lluvia de mutaciones somáticas. Algunas de las mutaciones más relevantes son las que ocurren en genes que están directamente implicados en el control del ciclo celular. Como resultado, los genes mutados ya no expresan a las proteínas que regulan el ciclo, o éstas se encuentran alteradas, lo cual culmina con la aparición de cáncer. Asimismo, las células cuentan con mecanismos bien establecidos de protección contra dichas transformaciones: la apoptosis y la inducción de senescencia celular. En individuos jóvenes las células senescentes actúan como un mecanismo de seguridad que previene la transformación tumoral. Sin embargo, en individuos mayores la acumulación de células senescentes promueve no sólo la aparición de este fenotipo, sino también la generación de un ambiente tisular que favorece la tumorigenicidad y la aparición de enfermedades degenerativas. ¿Qué ruta tomará una célula? ¿La senescencia o la apoptosis? Dependerá del daño que sufra la célula y del tipo de genes que se encuentren afectados en ella.


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