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Medicina & Laboratorio

2008, Número 11-12

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2008; 14 (11-12)


Marcadores de inflamación en enfermedades cardiovasculares

Fernández ML

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas: 547-556
Archivo PDF: 659.54 Kb.


RESUMEN

Este artículo revisa la importancia creciente de los marcadores inflamatorios y su relación con enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, en particular su papel en el desarrollo de ateroesclerosis y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Tres proteínas involucradas con enfermedades cardiovasculares serán discutidas en este artículo: la proteína C reactiva (PCR), el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) y la adiponectina. El papel de la PCR, producida por el hígado, y su función en promover inflamación ha sido tema de investigación en muchos estudios. Sin embargo, la asociación fundamental de esta proteína con enfermedades cardiovasculares es un tema más reciente. Durante el proceso de inflamación, la actividad del factor nuclear-kappa B (NF-kappaB) es de gran trascendencia en aumentar la expresión de proteínas inflamatorias asociadas con ateroesclerosis, entre las que podemos incluir el TNF-α. Los niveles de TNF-α aumentan en pacientes que presentan obesidad. La adiponectina es una proteína producida por el tejido adiposo cuya existencia era desconocida hasta tiempos recientes. En contraste a todas las demás proteínas inflamatorias, la adiponectina aumenta durante la pérdida de peso y en condiciones normales de insulina, por lo cual está siendo investigada como un agente terapéutico prometedor para proteger contra la diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedades cardiovasculares. En esta revisión se presentan algunos estudios que evaluaron las intervenciones dietéticas o de pérdida de peso y cómo afectan favorablemente la aparición de estas proteínas en plasma. El propósito de este artículo es demostrar que cambios moderados en el estilo de vida encaminados a una mejor alimentación y a mantener un peso saludable disminuyen la inflamación y el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares.


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