Campuzano MG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 347
Paginas: 311-357
Archivo PDF: 2279.30 Kb.

RESUMEN

A pesar de los grandes avances tecnológicos relacionados con el hemograma, y en particular los derivados de los autoanalizadores de hematología, cada vez más sofisticados y completos, el extendido de sangre periférica continúa siendo el “estándar de oro” del diagnóstico de hematología. De acuerdo con las buenas prácticas de hematología, el extendido de sangre periférica está indicado en todos los hemogramas que muestren alguna desviación en los recuentos directos, indirectos o calculados, o cuando se sospeche clínicamente de una enfermedad de origen hematológico o de origen no hematológico con manifestaciones hematológicas, aun con parámetros entre rangos esperados para la edad y el género. En el extendido de sangre periférica es posible observar alteraciones relacionadas con la morfología de los eritrocitos, leucocitos y las plaquetas. En este módulo se analizarán los aspectos más importantes de la morfología de los eritrocitos, teniendo en cuenta las interacciones entre ellos como el fenómeno de rouleaux y la hemaglutinación, y los conceptos de anisocitosis, poiquilocitosis, anisocromasia y dimorfismo; variaciones en el tamaño, en particular la macrocitosis y la microcitosis; variaciones en la forma de los eritrocitos tales como los dianocitos, estomatocitos, dacriocitos, drepanocitos, ovalocitos, esferocitos, células en champiñón, células espiculadas, queratocitos y esquistocitos; inclusiones eritrocitarias como eritroblastos circulantes, punteado basófilo, cuerpos de Howell-Jolly; y variaciones de la hemoglobina, en particular la hipocromía y la policromatofilia. Se analizan con detalle las características específicas de cada uno de los elementos y se hace una correlación clínica con las enfermedades asociadas. Este primer módulo, dedicado al análisis de la morfología de los eritrocitos en el extendido de sangre periférica, provee al profesional de laboratorio elementos que le permiten identificar adecuadamente las diferentes alteraciones de los eritrocitos, en tanto que al médico le proporciona inform ación para que relacione los hallazgos en la morfología de estas células con la clínica.

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