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Medicina & Laboratorio

2008, Número 01-02

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2008; 14 (01-02)


Estudio del paciente con infección por VIH

Tobón PJC, Toro MAI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 139
Paginas: 11- 42
Archivo PDF: 4400.75 Kb.


RESUMEN

El virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es el agente causal del SIDA. Más de 30 millones de persones en el mundo padecen esta infección. Hasta la fecha se han caracterizado dos tipos de virus: el VIH-1, el cual es el tipo que predomina a nivel mundial, y el VIH-2, ubicado hasta el momento sólo en África occidental. El virus infecta hombres y mujeres igualmente y es una causa muy importante de mortalidad en los adultos jóvenes. El VIH es uno de los patógenos humanos más variables genéticamente, lo cual hace el desarrollo de vacunas difícil. La transmisión heterosexual continúa siendo la principal forma de transmisión y corresponde al 85% de todas las infecciones. La introducción al mercado de los inhibidores de proteasa y de los inhibidores no nucleósidos de la transcriptasa reversa en 1995 inició la era de la terapia antirretroviral altamente potente (HAART), lo cual ha tenido como resultado una disminución marcada en la morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas con la enfermedad; sin embargo, la erradicación del virus una vez la persona ha sido infectada, continúa siendo imposible. La comprensión detallada de este agente patógeno es fundamental para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la infección.


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