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Medicina & Laboratorio

2009, Número 01-02

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2009; 15 (01-02)


Derrame pleural

Toro RLG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 53
Paginas: 11-26
Archivo PDF: 369.03 Kb.


RESUMEN

El derrame pleural se define como la acumulación anormal de líquido en el espacio pleural; no es una enfermedad, es el resultado del desequilibrio entre la formación y la reabsorción del líquido como manifestación de alguna condición que incluso puede amenazar la vida del paciente. Es una entidad a la cual el clínico se ve enfrentado con frecuencia, la mayoría de las veces es secundaria a enfermedad pleural o pulmonar, pero puede también ser causada por enfermedades extrapulmonares, sistémicas o neoplásicas (bien sea primarias o metastásicas). Se puede manifestar de manera rápida o insidiosa, con sintomatología diversa dependiendo de la cantidad de líquido y su naturaleza; su presentación puede variar desde el individuo asintomático por completo o con sólo dolor pleurítico, hasta la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda por acumulación rápida de líquido y alteración del intercambio gaseoso. La historia clínica y el examen físico son claves para abordar a un paciente con derrame pleural. El adecuado enfoque depende de las características del líquido y su diferenciación entre exudado y trasudado, lo cual ayuda no sólo a minimizar costos, sino también a disminuir las posibilidades diagnósticas y proporcionar una terapéutica adecuada.


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