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2009, Número 2

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Enf Infec Microbiol 2009; 29 (2)


Mecanismo de resistencia a antimicrobianos en bacterias

Becerra G, Plascencia A, Luévanos A, Domínguez M, Hernández I

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 70-76
Archivo PDF: 154.74 Kb.


RESUMEN

La resistencia a antimicrobianos es un problema de salud pública. Los mecanismos pueden ser intrínsecos o adaptativos. Los primeros pueden capacitar a la bacteria para que produzca enzimas que destruyan al fármaco antibacteriano, expresar sistemas efflux de excreción que eviten que el fármaco alcance su blanco intracelular, modificar el sitio blanco del antimicrobiano o generar una vía metabólica alterna que evite la acción del fármaco. Entre los mecanismos adaptativos, encontramos las adaptaciones fenotípicas, sea por el estado metabólico de la bacteria, o por ser secundaria a su capacidad de producir biopelículas. En esta revisión, mencionamos los principales mecanismos relacionados con la resistencia a antimicrobianos.


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