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2006, Número 4

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Enf Infec Microbiol 2006; 26 (4)


Aspectos moleculares de coinfecciones de virus respiratorios con bacterias

Arrevillaga BG, Gómez GB

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 115-122
Archivo PDF: 86.74 Kb.


RESUMEN

Estudios epidemiológicos, así como modelos experimentales, sugieren que cuadros clínicos por infecciones virales respiratorias, frecuentemente se complican por infecciones bacterianas secundarias. Los mecanismos moleculares y bioquímicos responsables de la coinfección no están aclarados del todo, a pesar de que estudios sobre la interacción entre virus respiratorios y bacterias datan desde los años veinte del siglo pasado. Las alteraciones por el virus en las células infectadas modifican directa y/o indirectamente las actividades microbicidas de la célula. Los procesos bactericidas de la célula son iniciados en respuesta al reconocimiento del hospedero de patrones moleculares asociados a patógenos (PAMPs), a través de sensores membranales o intracelulares como los receptores tipo toll (TLR). La interacción del receptor con PAMPs activa vías de transducción de señales que inducen la expresión de genes involucrados en el control de la respuesta celular contra la bacteria. El control de la infección primaria viral y secundaria bacteriana depende de un balance fino y multifactorial entre célula, bacteria y virus, el cual es seriamente perturbado por la coinfección. En esta revisión se analizan los cambios en la célula hospedera originados por virus respiratorios y bacterias que favorecen la coinfección.


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