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Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2009, Número 2

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Arch Neurocien 2009; 14 (2)


Corticogénesis y neurodegeneración: implicaciones de la vía de la reelina en la patogenia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Rojas JC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 71
Paginas: 132-141
Archivo PDF: 188.52 Kb.


RESUMEN

La vía de la reelina (VR) regula las interacciones entre los precursores neuronales en proceso de migración y la glía radial y su activación es esencial durante la corticogénesis. LA VR no sólo regula la dinámica del citoesqueleto y mecanismos neurales de memoria y aprendizaje sino que quizás juega también un papel relevante en los eventos neurodegenerativos. La disrupción de la VR parece deberse a un aumento en el estrés oxidativo y excitotoxicidad promovidos por factores exógenos y endógenos. Dicha disrupción ocasiona un procesamiento intracelular deficiente de los componentes del citoesqueleto, lo cual conduce a la formación de los agregados protéicos característicos de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Dichos agregados no son productos inócuos de la degeneración neuronal, pues su presencia se ha asociado a la inducción de neuroinflamación, muerte celular y deterioro cognitivo. Sin embargo, es posible que el cuadro clínico de la EA sea perpetuado, más que causado, por estos agregados protéicos. Los elementos de la VR podrían representar puntos bioquímicos de vulnerabilidad neuronal a través de los cuales se originan los cambios degenerativos en diversas regiones corticales. La caracterización de la VR podría clarificar la patogenia de EA y promover el desarrollo de estrategias neuroprotectoras más efectivas.


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