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Antes Revista del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias

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2010, Número 1

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Neumol Cir Torax 2010; 69 (1)


Importancia del intercambiador Na+/Ca2+ en la regulación del Ca2+ intracelular en el músculo liso de las vías aéreas

Cóbar BL, Montaño RLM, Cruz VJE, Flores SE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 39-45
Archivo PDF: 174.79 Kb.


RESUMEN

El ion Ca2+ cumple múltiples funciones celulares. En el músculo liso de las vías aéreas participa de forma importante en la contracción. Los estímulos hormonales y neurogénicos generan incrementos en la concentración de Ca2+ intracelular ([Ca2+]i); la fuente para el incremento de Ca2+ es intracitoplasmática y extracitoplasmática. Para lograr este aumento de la [Ca2+]i es necesaria la participación de proteínas membranales y del retículo sarcoplásmico. Dentro de estas proteínas se encuentra el intercambiador Na+/Ca2+ (NCX) que se localiza en la membrana plasmática y actúa como un cotransportador de intercambio iónico. Su función principal es sacar un Ca2+ del citoplasma al espacio extracelular e introducir tres Na+ del espacio extracelular al citoplasma, sin gasto de ATP, y contribuir así a mantener los niveles basales de [Ca2+]i. Sin embargo, cuando diferentes agonistas broncoconstrictores activan canales catiónicos inespecíficos y éstos incrementan las concentraciones intracelulares de Ca2+ y Na+, este último ion activa la llamada fase reversa del NCX (NCXREV), invirtiéndose entonces su función, es decir, ahora introduce Ca2+ y saca Na+ al espacio extracelular. Este artículo refiere algunos indicios que apuntan a que la inhibición del NCXREV tendría relevancia como terapia adyuvante en pacientes asmáticos y muestra, por primera vez, evidencias experimentales de la funcionalidad del NCXREV en el músculo liso de las vías aéreas del humano.


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