Hernández-Franco P, Valverde M, Rojas E

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 75-82
Archivo PDF: 317.63 Kb.

RESUMEN

Los humanos han estado en contacto con los metales desde su aparición en el planeta. De hecho no se puede pensar en la evolución humana sin pensar en el gran papel que han jugado los metales en el desarrollo humano. Algunos metales son esenciales para llevar a cabo procesos celulares, sin embargo, otros son capaces de promover una gran variedad de efectos deletéreos para la salud, incluyendo el cáncer.
Las evidencias de que la inhibición de los mecanismos de reparación del ADN, es un importante paso para que se lleve a cabo la carcinogénesis inducida por los metales cobran día a día más importancia, sin embargo, es poco probable que exista un mecanismo de acción común para todos los metales debido a que presentan propiedades químicas diversas. En la presente revisión, se discutirá el papel de los metales en la inhibición de los mecanismos de reparación, poniendo énfasis en algunos mecanismos de acción propuestos como son: la inactivación de enzimas, la unión a componentes celulares, la inducción de daño al ADN, entre otros.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. IARC 1987,1990, 1991, 1993. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, IARC Lyon.

2. Hartwig, A & Beyersmann, D. Comutagenicity and inhibition of DNA repair by metal ions in mammalian cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 21: 359-65 (1989).

3. Hartwig, A. Carcinogenicity of metals compounds: possible role of DNA repair inhibition. Toxicology Letters 102-103: 235-239 (1998).

4. Hayes, R.B. The carcinogenicity of metals in humans. Cancer Causes Control 8(3):371-85 (1997).

5. Leonard, S.S., Bower, J.J. & Shi, X. Metal-induced toxicity, carcinogenesis, mechanisms and cellular responses. Mol Cell Biochem 255(1-2): 3-10 (2004).

6. Hartwig, A. & Schwerdtle, T. Interactions by carcinogenic metal compounds with DNA repair processes: toxicological implications. Toxicology Letters 127: 47-54 (2002).

7. Hoeijmakers Jan, H.J. Genome maintence mechanisms for preventig cancer. Nature 411(May 17): 366-374 (2001).

8. Friedberg, C. DNA repair and Mutagenesis (ASM press, 1995) 687pp.

9. Mishina, Y., Duguid, E.M. & He, C. Direct Reversal of DNA Alkylation Damage. Chem. Rev. 106: 215-232 (2006).

10. Scicchitano, D.A. & Pegg, A.E. Inhibition of O6-alkylguanine-DNAalkyltransferase by metals Mutat Res 192(3): 207-210 (1987).

11. Bhattacharyya, D., Boulden, A.M., Foote, R.S. & Mitra, S. Effect of polyvalent metal ions on the reactivity of human O6- methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. Carcinogenesis 9(4): 683-685 (1998).

12. Durham, T.R. & Snow, T.E. Metal ions and Carcinogenesis. EXS (96): 97-130 (2006).

13. Lindahl, T. & Wood, R.D. Quality Control by DNA repair. Science 286(december 3): 1897-1905 (1999).

14. Bjørås, M., Erling, S. & Lars, E. The base excision repair pathway. TIBS 391-397 (1995).

15. Krokan, H.E., Standal, R. & Slupphaug, G. DNA glycosylases in the base excision repair of DNA. Biochem. J. 325, 1-16 (1997).

16. Giaginis, C., Gatzidou, E. & Theocharis, S. DNA repair systems as targets of cadmium toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 213(3): 282-90 (2006).

17. Hodges, N.J. & Chipman, J.K. Down-regulation of the DNA-repair endonuclease 8-oxo-guanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) by sodium dichromate in cultured human A549 lung carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis Jan 23(1): 55-60 (2002).

18. Porter, D.W. et al. Sensitivity of Escherichia coli (MutT) and human (MTH1) 8-oxo-dGTPases to in vitro inhibition by the carcinogenic metals, nickel(II), copper(II), cobalt(II) and cadmium(II). Carcinogenesis 18(9): 1785-1791 (1997).

19. Manning, F.C. et al. Induction of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation by carcinogenic chromate: relationship to DNA damage, genotoxicity, and inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 3): 159-67 (1994).

20. Snow, E.T. & Xu, L.S. Chromium(III) bound to DNA templates promotes increased polymerase processivity and decreased fidelity during replication in vitro. Biochemistry 30(47): 11238-11245 (1991).

21. Hartwig, A., et al. Interference by toxic metal ions with DNA repair processes and cell cycle control: molecular mechanisms. Environ Health Perspect 110(Suppl 5): 797-799 (2002).

22. Dally, H. & Hartwig, A. Induction and repair inhibition of oxidative DNA damage by nickel(II) and cadmium(II) in mammalian cells. Carcinogenesis 18(5): 1021-1026 (1997).

23. Kale, S.P., Carmichael, M.C., Harris, K. & Roy-Engel, A.M. The L1 Retrotranspositional Stimulation by Particulate and Soluble Cadmium Exposure is Independent of the Generation of DNA Breaks. Int J Environ Res Public Health 3(2): 121-128 (2006).24. Blessing, H., Kraus, S., Heindl, P., Bal, W. & Hartwig, A. Interaction of selenium compounds with zinc finger proteins involved in DNA repair. Eur. J. Biochem. 271: 3190-3199 (2004).

24. Sirover, M.A. & Loeb, L.A. Metal activation of DNA synthesis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 3(70): 812-817 (1976).

25. Popenoe, E.A. & Schmaeler, M.A. Interaction of human DNA polymerase â with ions of copper, lead, and cadmium. Arch Biochem Biophys (196)1: 109-120 (1979).

26. McNeill, D.R., Narayana, A., Wong, H.K. & Wilson, D.M. Inhibition of Ape1 nuclease activity by lead, iron and cadmium. Environ Health Perspect 112: 799-804 (2004).

27. Wang, P., Guliaev, A. & Hang, B. Metal inhibition of human Nmethylpurine- DNA glycosylase activity in base excision repair. Toxicology Letters 166: 237-247 (2006).

28. Lynn, S., Lai, H.T., Gurr, J.R. & Jan, K.Y. Arsenite retards DNA break rejoining by inhibiting DNA ligation. Mutagenesis 12(5): 353-358 (1997).

29. Hu, Y., Su, L. & Snow, E.T. Arsenic toxicity is enzyme specific and its affects on ligation are not caused by the direct inhibition of DNA repair enzymes. Mutat Res 408(3): 203-218 (1998).

30. Walter, I., et al. Impact of arsenite and its methylated metabolites on PARP-1 activity, PARP-1 gene expression and poly(ADPribosyl) ation in cultured human cells. Dna Repair (2006).

31. Gillet, L.C.J. & Schärer, O.D. Molecular Mechanisms of Mammalian Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair. Chem. Rev. 106: 253-276 (2006).

32. Calsou, P., Frit, P., Bozzato, C. & Salles, B. Negative interference of metal (II) ions with nucleotide excision repair in human cell-free extracts. Carcinogenesis 7(12): 2779-2782 (1996).

33. Snyder, R.D., Davis, G.F. & Lachmann, P.J. Inhibition by metals of X-ray and ultraviolet-induced DNA repair in human cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 21: 389-398 (1989).

34. Asmuss, M., Mullenders, L.H.F., Eker, A. & Hartwig, A. Differential effects of toxic metal compounds on the activities of Fpg and XPA, two zinc finger proteins involved in DNA repair. Carcinogenesis 21, 2097-2104 (2000).

35. Kopera, E., Schwerdtle, T., Hartwig, A. & Bal, W. Co(II) and Cd(II) Substitute for Zn(II) in the Zinc Finger Derived from the DNA Repair Protein XPA, Demonstrating a Variety of Potential Mechanisms of Toxicity Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17: 1452-1458 (2004).

36. Witkiewicz-Kucharczyk, A. & Bal, W. Damage of zinc fingers in DNA repair proteins, a novel molecular mechanism in carcinogenesis Toxicology Letters 162(1): 29-42 (2006).

37. Hossain, Z. & Huq, F. Studies on the interaction between Ag(+) and DNA. J Inorg Biochem 91(2): 398-404 (2002).

38. Hossain, Z. & Huq, F. Studies on the interaction between Cd(2+) ions and DNA. J Inorg Biochem 90(3-4): 85-96 (2002).

39. Hartwig, A., Blessing, H., Schwerdtle, T. & Walter, I. Modulation of DNA repair processes by arsenic and selenium compounds. Toxicology 193: 161-169 (2003).

40. Hartwig, A., et al. Interaction of arsenic (III) with nucleotide excision repair in UV-irradiated human fibroblasts. Carcinogenesis 18(2): 399-405 (1997).

41. Hartmann, A. & Speit, G. Effect of arsenic and cadmium on the persistence of mutagen-induced DNA lesions in human cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 27(2): 98-104 (1996).

42. Hartwig, A., Kruger, I. & Beyersmann, D. Mechanisms in nickel genotoxicity: the significance of interactions with DNA repair.Toxicol Lett 72(1-3): 353-358 (1994).

43. Kasten, U., Mullenders, L.H. & Hartwig, A. Cobalt(II) inhibits the incision and the polymerization step of nucleotide excision repair in human fibroblasts. Mutat Res 383(1): 81-89 (1997).

44. Bal, W., Schwerdtle, T. & Hartwig, A. Mechanism of Nickel Assault on the Zinc Finger of DNA Repair Protein XPA. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 16: 242-248 (2003).

45. Hartmann, M. & Hartwig, A. Disturbance of DNA damage recognition after UV-irradiation by nickel(II) and cadmium(II) in mammalian cells. Carcinogenesis 19(4): 617-621 (1998).

46. Hartwig, A., Schlepegrell, R., Dally, H. & Hartmann, M. Interaction of carcinogenic metal compounds with deoxyribonucleic acid repair processes. Ann Clin Lab Sci 26(1): 31-38 (1996).

47. Buermeyer, A.B., Deschenes, S.M., Baker Sean, M. & Liskay, R.M. Mammalian DNA mismatch repair. Annu. Rev. Genet. 33: 533-64 (1999).

48. Jun, S.H., Kim, G.T. & Ban, C. DNA mismatch repair system: Classical and fresh roles FEBS Journal 273: 1609-1619 (2006).

49. Lindahl, T. DNA surveillance defect in cancer cells. Current Biology 4(3) (1994).

50. Banerjee, S. & Flores-Rozas, H. Cadmium inhibits mismatch repair by blocking the ATPase activity of the MSH2–MSH6 complex. Nucleic Acids Research 4(33): 1410-1419 (2005).

51. Jin, Y.H., et al. Cadmium is a mutagen that acts by inhibiting mismatch repair. Nat Genet 34(3): 326-329 (2003).

52. Clark, A.B. & Kunkel, T.A. Cadmium Inhibits the Functions of Eukaryotic MutS Complexes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 52(279): 53903-53906 (2004).

53. Weber, T.P., Widger, W.R. & Kohn, H. Metal-1,4-dithio-2,3- dihydroxybutane chelates: novel inhibitors of the Rho transcription termination factor. Biochemistry 42(30): 9121-9126 (2003).

54. Lee, A.M. & Singleton, S.F. Inhibition of the Escherichia coli RecA protein: zinc(II), copper(II) and mercury(II) trap RecA as inactive aggregates. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 98: 1981-1986 (2004).