medigraphic.com
Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2009, Número 3

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Med Int Mex 2009; 25 (3)


Hígado graso no alcohólico: su diagnóstico en la actualidad. Tercera parte

Córdova PVH, Correa MA, Artigas AJL, Torre SMC, Vargas GM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 217-228
Archivo PDF: 414.69 Kb.


RESUMEN

El hígado graso no alcohólico es una alteración poco reconocida, pero con incremento en su frecuencia por la asociación con el síndrome metabólico, predominantemente con obesidad y diabetes mellitus. En México encontramos cada día más pacientes con cirrosis hepática y que en su momento cursaron con este padecimiento sin recibir el diagnóstico adecuado, situación capaz de transformar su historia natural. El siguiente trabajo busca definir la enfermedad, revelar sus causas, describir los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que la generan, establecer rutas diagnósticas, ofrecer diferentes abordajes terapéuticos y mencionar las complicaciones en la población adulta, mediante un exhaustivo análisis de bibliografías seleccionadas por un grupo de médicos con adiestramiento en metodología de la investigación. Se estudiaron más de novecientas citas bibliográficas y espacios electrónicos para, finalmente, incluir el material contenido solo en quinientas siete referencias. En su último capítulo se presentan exclusivamente trabajos realizados por investigadores mexicanos y se anexan diversas sugerencias de los autores en cuanto la dieta y el tratamiento farmacológico, en una experiencia con 97 pacientes tratados durante cuatro años.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Mofrad P, Contos MJ, Haque M, Sargeant C, et al. Clinical and histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with lormal ALT values. Hepatology 2003;37(6):1286-92.

  2. Batey RG, Schoeman MN, Wilcken B. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: Is it genetically predetermined? Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91(11):2262-4.

  3. Treem WR, Shoup ME, Hale DE, Bennett MJ, et al. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome, and long chain 3-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91(11):2293-300.

  4. Reyes H. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy. A cryptic disease threatening mother and child. Clin Liver Dis 1999;3(1):69-81.

  5. Steingrub JS. Pregnancy- associated severe liver dysfunction. Crit Care Clin 2004;20(4):763-76.

  6. Buytaert IM, Elewaut AG, Van Kets HE. Early occurrence of acute fatty liver in pregnancy. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91(3):603-4.

  7. Fesenmeier MF, Coppage KH, Lambers DS, Barton JR, Sibai BM. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy in 3 tertiary care centers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192(5):1416-9.

  8. Barton JR, Sibai BM, Mabie WC, Shanklin DR. Recurrent acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163(2):534-8.

  9. Matern D, Hart P, Murtha AP, Vockley J, et al. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy associated with short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. J Pediatr 2001;138(4):585-8.

  10. Yang Z, Zhao, Bennett MJ, Strauss AW, Ibdah JA. Fetal genotypes and pregnancy outcomes in 35 families with mitochondrial trifunctional protein mutations Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187(3):715-20.

  11. Vanjak D, Moreau R, Roche-Sicot J, Soulier A, Sicot C. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. An unusual but favorable association? Gastroenterology 1991;100(4):1123-5.

  12. Giannini EG, Testa R, Savarino V. Liver enzyme alterations: a guide for clinicians. CMAJ 2005;172(3):367-79.

  13. Daniel S, Ben-Menachem T, Vasudevan G, Ma CK, Blumenkehl M. Prospective evaluation of unexplained chronic liver transaminase abnormalities in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94(10):3010-4.

  14. Skelly MM, James PD, Ryder SD. Findings on liver biopsy to investigate abnormal liver function tests in the absence of diagnostic serology. J Hepatol 2001;35(2):195-9.

  15. Clark JM, Brancati FL, Diehl AM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2002;122(6):1649-57.

  16. Braden B, Faust D, Sarrazin U, Zeuzem S, et al. 13-Cmethacetin breath test as liver function test in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21(2):179-85.

  17. Park GJ, Katelaris PH, Jones DB, Seow F, et al. The C-caffeine breath test distinguishes significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and reflects response to lamivudine therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22(5):395-403.

  18. Schmilovitz-Weiss H, Niv Y, Pappo O, Halpern M, et al. The 13C-caffeine breath test detects significant fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008;42(4):408-12.

  19. Adams L, Angulo P. Role of liver biopsy and serum markers of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Liver Dis 2007;11(1):25-35.

  20. Bugianesi E, Manzini P, D’Antico S, Vanni E, et al. Relative contribution of iron burden, HFE mutations, and insulin resistance to fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver. Hepatology 2004;39(1):179-87.

  21. Lainé F, Bendavid C, Moirand R, Tessier S, et al. Prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with features of the metabolic syndrome regardless of alcohol consumption. Hepatology 2004;39(6):1639-46.

  22. Loria P, Lonardo A, Leonardi F, Fontana C, et al. Non-organspecific autoantibodies in nonalcoholic fatty liver: prevalence and correlates. Did Dis Sci 2003;48(11):2173-81.

  23. Suzuki A, Angulo P, Lymp J, Li D, et al. Hyaluronic acid, an accurate serum marker for severe hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2005;25(4):779-86.

  24. Sakugawa H, Nakayoshi T, Kobashigawa K, Yamashiro T, et al. Clinical usefulness of biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11(2):255-9.

  25. Bahcecioglu IH, Yalniz M, Ataseven H, Ilhan N, et al. Levels of serum hyaluronic acid, TNF-alpha and IL-8 in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatogastroenterology 2005;52(65):1549-53.

  26. Shimada M, Kawahara H, Ozaki K, Fukura M, et al. Usefulness of a combined evaluation of the serum adiponectin level, HOMA-IR, and serum type IV collagen 7S level to predict the early stage of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102(5):1-8.

  27. Bookman ID, Pham J, Guindi M, heathcote EJ. Distinguishing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from fatty liver: serum-free fatty acids, insulin resistance, and serum lipoproteins. Liver Int 2006;26(5):566-71.

  28. Johansen JS, Christoffersen P, Moller S, Price PA, et al. Serum YKL-40 is increased in patients with hepatic fibrosis. J Hepatol 2000;32(6):911-20.

  29. Koruk M, Tayşi S, Savaş MC, Yilmaz O, et al. Serum levels of acute phase proteins in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Turk J Gastroenterol 2003;14(1):12-17.

  30. dos Santos VN, Leite-Mor MM, Kondo M, Martins JR, et al. Serum laminin, type IV collagen and hyaluronan as fibrosis markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 2005;38(5):747-53.

  31. Nakashima T, Sumida Y, Furutani M, Hirohama A, et al. Elevation of serum thioredoxin levels in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatol Res 2005;33(2):135-7.

  32. Sumida Y, Nakashima T, Yoh T, Furutani M, et al. Serum thioredoxin levels as a predictor of steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2003;38(1):32-38.

  33. Charlton MR, Angulo-Hernández P, Charatcharoenwitthaya P. Low circulating DHEA levels in severe NAFLD. A potential metabolic basis of disease progression. Gastroenterology 2006;130:A-22.

  34. Wieckowska A, Zein N, Yerian L. Detection of caspase activity in the blood of patients NAFLD as a novel biomarker of disease severity. Gastroenterology 2006;130:A-749.

  35. Younossi ZM, Jarrar M, Nugent C, Randhawa M, et al. A novel diagnostic biomarker panel for obesity-related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Obes Surg 2008;18(11):1430-7.

  36. Chu CJ, Lu RH, Wang SS, Chang FY, et al. Risk factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese patients and the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Hepatogastroenterology 2007;54(79):2099-102.

  37. Kugelmas M, Hill DB, Vivian B, Marsano L, McClain CJ. Cytokines and NASH: a pilot study of the effects of lifestyle modification and vitamin E. Hepatology 2003;38(2):413-9.

  38. Hiratsuka A, Adachi H, Fujiura Y, Yamagishi S, et al. Strong association between serum hepatocyte growth factor and metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(5):2927-31.

  39. Poynard T, Ratziu V, Charlotte F, Messous D, et al. Diagnostic value of biochemical markers (NashTest) for the prediction of non alcoholo steato hepatitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterology 2006;6:34.

  40. Ratziu V, Massard J, Charlotte F, Messous D, et al. Diagnostic value of biochemical markers (FibroTest-FibroSURE) for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2006;6:34.

  41. Poynard T, Ratziu V, Naveau S, Thabut D, et al. The diagnostic value of biomarkers (SteatoTest) for the prediction of liver steatosis. Comp Hepatol 2005;4:10.

  42. Morra R, Munteanu M, Imbert-Bismut F, Messous D, et al. FibroMAX: towards a new universal biomarker of liver disease? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2007;7(5):481-90.

  43. Adams LA, Bulsara M, Rossi E, DeBoer B, et al. Hepascore: an accurate validated predictor of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C infection. Clin Chem 2005;51(10):1867-73.

  44. Rosenberg WM, Voelker M, Thiel R, Becka M, et al. Serum markers detect de presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study. Gastroenterology 2004;127(6):1704-13.

  45. Angulo P, Hui JM, Marchesini G, Bugianesi E, et al. The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Hepatology 2007;45(4):846-54.

  46. Bedogni G, Bellentani S, Miglioli L, Masutti F, et al. The fatty liver index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population. BMC Gastroenterol 2006;6:33.

  47. Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Lindor KD. Role of radiologic modalities in the management of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2007;11(1):37-54.

  48. Ros PR, Mortele KJ. Diffuse liver disease. Clin Liver Dis 2002;6(1):181-201.

  49. Moriyasu F, Iijima H, Tsuchiya K, Miyata Y, et al. Diagnosis of NASH using delayed parenchymal imaging of contrast ultrasound. Hepatol Res 2005;33(2):97-99.

  50. Hoefs JC, Chen PT, Lizotte P. Noninvasive evaluation of liver disease severity. Clin Liver Dis 2006;10(3):535-62.

  51. Ziol M, Handra-Luca A, Kettaneh A, Christidis C, et al. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2005;41(1):48-54.

  52. Fukuzawa Y, Ohashi T, Matsumati E. Efficacy of non-invasive hepatic fibrosis quantification by liver elasticity measurement in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) - comparison of ultrasonic transient elastography and histopathological diagnosis. Gastroenterology 2006;130:A-79.

  53. Kelleher TB, MacFarlane C, de Ledinghen V. Risk factors and hepatic elastography (Fibroscan) in the prediction of hepatic fibrosis in NASH. Gastroenterology 2006;130:A768.

  54. Munteanu M, Ngo Y, De Torres M. Three-dimensional and metabolic variability of Fibroscan (transient elastography) measures in healthy volunteers. Gastroenterology 2006;130:A-768.

  55. Limanond P, Raman SS, Lassman C, Sayre J, et al. Macrovesicular hepatic steatosis in living related liver donors: correlation between CT and histologic findings. Radiology 2004;230(1):276-80.

  56. Fishbein MH, Gardner KG, Potter CJ, Schmalbrock P, Smith MA. Introduction of fast MR imaging in the assessment of hepatic steatosis. Magn Reson Imaging 1997;15(3):287-93.

  57. Martin DR, Danzad R, Hussain SM. MR Imaging of the Liver. Radiol Clin North Am 2005;43(5):861-86.

  58. Ji H, Ros PR. Magnetic resonance imaging: liver-specific contrast agents. Clin Liver Dis 2002;6(1):73-90.

  59. Qayyun A, Westphalen A, Noworolski S, Vigneron D, et al. Magnetic resonance difussion and spectrocopy fibdibs in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2006;130:A-824.

  60. Heimann T, Wolf I, Meinzer HP. Active shape models for a fully automated 3D segmentation of the liver--an evaluation on clinical data. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv Int Conf Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 2006;9(Pt. 2):41-48.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com