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2010, Número 1

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Cir Cir 2010; 78 (1)


Factores genéticos del sistema hemostático en pacientes jóvenes con infarto agudo del miocardio

Isordia-Salas I, Mendoza-Valdez AL, Almeida-Gutiérrez E, Borrayo-Sánchez G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 40
Paginas: 93-97
Archivo PDF: 228.23 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) es la primera causa de muerte en todo el mundo y representa un problema de salud pública en México. El infarto agudo del miocardio (IAM) representa la principal complicación trombótica de la EAC. Aproximadamente 9% de los nuevos casos está constituido por sujetos menores de 45 años. El IAM se produce por el desarrollo de un trombo en el sitio de la placa aterosclerosa, generando oclusión arterial súbita con isquemia y muerte celular. El IAM resulta de la interacción entre factores genéticos y ambientales. Existen diversos factores de riesgo modificables como la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus, el tabaquismo, la obesidad y la hipercolesterolemia asociados con el IAM. Sin embargo, numerosos pacientes con IAM no presentan factores de riesgo modificables. En la última década se han identificado variantes genéticas en las proteínas relacionadas con los sistemas de coagulación y fibrinólisis, receptores plaquetarios, disfunción endotelial, flujo sanguíneo anormal, metabolismo de la homocisteína, estrés oxidativo, los cuales se asocian a desarrollo del IAM. La identificación de los polimorfismos asociados a la enfermedad arterial coronaria permitirá desarrollar mejores estrategias de tratamiento e identificación de individuos con alto riesgo para EAC y medidas preventivas en etapas tempranas.


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