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2010, Número 2

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Rev Med Hosp Gen Mex 2010; 73 (2)


Estrategias efectivas en la prevención del tabaquismo

Calleja N

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 70
Paginas: 129-139
Archivo PDF: 134.60 Kb.


RESUMEN

La prevención constituye la principal alternativa para enfrentar la epidemia del tabaquismo. El propósito de esta revisión es presentar las características y efectividad de las principales estrategias utilizadas en las escuelas, la comunidad y los medios masivos para prevenir el consumo de tabaco en los jóvenes. Los programas escolares son los más comunes y se dirigen principalmente a estudiantes de primaria y secundaria. Han utilizado fundamentalmente tres tipos de modelos: de información, de habilidades sociales y de influencia social. Esta última aproximación ha resultado la más efectiva. Los programas en la comunidad tienen como propósito influir no sólo en el comportamiento individual, sino también en las normas sociales y en las prácticas comunitarias, por lo que incluyen, además del trabajo con las escuelas, la participación de los padres de familia y de organizaciones civiles. Las campañas antitabaco en los medios de comunicación masiva se han enfocado, entre otros elementos, en la manipulación que ejerce la industria tabacalera y en los efectos negativos del humo de segunda mano. En años recientes algunas intervenciones han utilizado programas de computadora para la prevención y la cesación tabáquicas en jóvenes y adolescentes, con resultados prometedores.


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