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2009, Número 4

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Rev Inst Nal Enf Resp Mex 2009; 22 (4)


Receptores de la inmunidad innata en procesos infecciosos pulmonares

Juárez CE, López GJS, Torres RM, Sada DE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 69
Paginas: 366-378
Archivo PDF: 268.43 Kb.


RESUMEN

La mucosa del aparato respiratorio es una de las superficies tisulares más expuestas al ambiente externo, por lo que el sistema inmune pulmonar debe proteger al organismo de la presencia de material potencialmente patogénico. Las células responsables de la inmunidad local incluyen a los macrófagos alveolares, que realizan funciones de fagocitosis y quimiotaxis y generan múltiples mecanismos bactericidas, y a las células epiteliales, que también contribuyen a la respuesta innata con producción de quimiocinas, citocinas y péptidos antimicrobianos. Las células de la defensa pulmonar cuentan con un repertorio de receptores para llevar a cabo el reconocimiento de patógenos, entre ellos los TLR, NLR, RLH y algunos otros, los cuales señalizan en respuesta al reconocimiento de patógenos para generar la respuesta inflamatoria y los mecanismos antimicrobianos necesarios para erradicar la infección. El conocimiento obtenido con relación a las interacciones entre los receptores de la inmunidad innata y sus ligandos naturales y sintéticos, así como acerca de la inducción específica de genes por los distintos mecanismos de señalización innatos y la participación de las células locales, permite hacer propuestas sobre su manipulación a fin de regular el proceso inflamatorio que, en ocasiones, contribuye al daño pulmonar.


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