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2009, Número 4

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Rev Inst Nal Enf Resp Mex 2009; 22 (4)


Mecanismos moleculares y celulares de la respuesta inmune en el pulmón

Jiménez-Álvarez LA, Zúñiga RJ, Ramírez-Martínez G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 59
Paginas: 304-315
Archivo PDF: 157.02 Kb.


RESUMEN

La acción integral de los diversos mecanismos de defensa a lo largo del aparato respiratorio permite remover o neutralizar partículas y/o microorganismos que entran por inhalación en las estructuras respiratorias. Estos mecanismos comprenden barreras mecánicas y fagocitosis, que pueden activarse por estímulos no específicos o por estímulos inmunogénicos. Son importantes para estos eventos los mecanismos de la inmunidad innata y la capacidad de células pulmonares como células dendríticas y macrófagos para iniciar una respuesta inmune antígeno-específica (humoral y celular) así como una reacción inflamatoria localizada. Los macrófagos alveolares y los linfocitos poseen la capacidad de producir moléculas como citocinas y factores de crecimiento y afectar a otras células inflamatorias, estructurales y efectoras. Los linfocitos B producen anticuerpos y los linfocitos T interactúan con células epiteliales infectadas, fagocíticas o con células tumorales para producir la lisis celular. Los linfocitos T cooperadores activados producen un amplio espectro de citocinas, dependiendo de las circunstancias de su activación, y determinan la polarización de las subpoblaciones efectoras de linfocitos.


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