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2010, Número 2

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Vet Mex 2010; 41 (2)


Vacunas contra el virus del síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio porcino (PRRSV): escribiendo una historia

Flores-Mendoza L, Hernandez J

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 126
Paginas: 139-159
Archivo PDF: 194.89 Kb.


RESUMEN

El virus del síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio porcino (PRRSV) constituye uno de los problemas más grandes de la industria porcina. Afecta a cerdos de todas las edades, causa problemas reproductivos y respiratorios que generan pérdidas económicas millonarias. Éstas van en aumento debido a la rápida diseminación del virus y a la poca eficiencia de las vacunas comerciales para su tratamiento. Actualmente existen dos tipos de vacunas contra el PRRSV: una utiliza el virus atenuado y otra el virus inactivado. Existen en el mercado ambos tipos, tanto para cepas americanas como europeas. Aun cuando dichas vacunas disminuyen los síntomas de la enfermedad y la viremia, no evitan la infección y la protección cruzada es variable frente a virus heterólogos. Además, se ha informado que el virus vacunal puede diseminarse a otros animales susceptibles. Por esta razón muchos estudios se han orientado al desarrollo de nuevas vacunas que incluyen diferentes vectores para el desarrollo de vacunas de ADN evaluando varias proteínas estructurales. También se ha evaluado el empleo de clones infecciosos de PRRSV, así como la construcción de quimeras virales entre el virus vacunal y un virus altamente infeccioso. Todas estas estrategias no han logrado desarrollar una vacuna eficaz contra el PRRSV, por lo que dicho propósito sigue siendo un reto muy importante.


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