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Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

2010, Número 1

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Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2010; 67 (1)


Anorexia nerviosa: Manejo nutricional en pediatría

Miranda-Sánchez S

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 30
Paginas: 4-18
Archivo PDF: 146.03 Kb.


RESUMEN

La anorexia nerviosa es un padecimiento cuya incidencia y prevalencia van en aumento. Actualmente, las edades de presentación son cada vez más tempranas, por lo que es un tema de mucha importancia para la práctica pediátrica general. El manejo debe ser multidisciplinario. Es importante involucrar a la familia en el tratamiento por medio de terapia familiar. La primera tarea en el abordaje clínico es detectar criterios de hospitalización. Una vez iniciada la terapia se debe vigilar el surgimiento del síndrome de realimentación, caracterizado por trastornos hidroelectrolíticos que ponen en riesgo la vida (arritmias cardiacas). La nutrición por vía oral es la primera elección. La nutrición enteral continua por sonda, cuando es requerida, puede ser diurna y/o nocturna. Las alteraciones gastrointestinales asociadas a la anorexia nerviosa pueden requerir de manejo farmacológico. Los criterios diagnósticos y de hospitalización son mencionados en esta revisión, así como las modalidades de tratamiento médico y nutricional ambulatorio y hospitalario.


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