medigraphic.com

2010, Número 1

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Mex Anest 2010; 33 (1)


Bloqueo del compartimiento del psoas

Mejía-Terrazas GE, Panoso-Bustamante A, Garduño-Juárez Á

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 37
Paginas: 31-38
Archivo PDF: 122.00 Kb.


RESUMEN

El advenimiento de la neuroestimulación y la ultrasonografía como avances de la anestesia regional han permitido el perfeccionamiento de la localización nerviosa tanto en el plexo braquial, lumbar y sacro. En la cirugía de la extremidad inferior puede realizarse con diversas técnicas anestésicas, desde bloqueo peridural, subaracnoideo o bloqueo de nervios periféricos con una mayor ventaja sobre la anestesia general. La inervación de la extremidad inferior se encuentra muy separada, a diferencia de la extremidad superior, por lo cual es necesaria la combinación de bloqueos diferentes (al menos dos) para producir anestesia en toda la extremidad. El bloqueo del plexo lumbar proporciona anestesia y analgesia de casi toda la extremidad, proporcionando un mejor control del dolor postoperatorio y un mayor control hemodinámico. La anestesia selectiva de sus cinco nervios principales (nervio femoral o crural, nervio obturador, nervio femorocutáneo lateral, nervio ciático y nervio genito-femoral) de los cuales cuatro, pueden ser bloqueados en abordajes posteriores (Compartimento del psoas o plexo lumbar). El presente artículo muestra una revisión anatómica, de técnicas y localización del plexo por neuroestimulación y ultrasonografía tanto en el paciente adulto como pediátrico.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Testut L, Latarjet A. Tratado de Anatomía Humana. Tomo IV.9na. ed. Barcelona, Ed. Salvat; 1997.

  2. Grass JA, et al. Clínicas de anestesiología de Norteamérica: Anestesia Regional. Ed. 2000.

  3. Hadzic A, et al. Textbook of regional anesthesia and acute pain management. 1ra ed. New York. McGraw – Hill. 2007.

  4. Capdevila X, Coimbra C, Choquet O. Approaches to the lumbar plexus: Success, risks, and outcome. Reg Anesth and Pain Med 2005;30:150-62.

  5. Drizenko A. Le plexus lombo-sacré En: Journées d’Enseignemet Post Universitaire en Anesthésie et Reanimation. Hospital Pitié Salptrire. Ed. Arnette, 1998:191-202.

  6. Wedel DJ, Brown DL. Nerve blocks. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia. 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990:1407-37.

  7. Farny J, Drolet P, Girard M. Anatomy of the posterior approach to the lumbar plexus block. Can J Anaesth 1994;41:480-5.

  8. Chayen D, Nathan H, Chayen M. The psoas compartment block. Anesthesiology 1976;45:95-9.

  9. Chelly JE. Femoral block. In: Chelly JE, ed. Peripheral Nerve Blocks. A Color Atlas. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999.

  10. Winnie AP, Ramamurthy S, Durrani Z. Plexus blocks for lower extremity surgery: New answers to old problems. Anesth Rev 1974;1:1-6.

  11. Awad IT, Duggan EM. Posterior lumbar plexus block: Anatomy, approaches, and Techniques. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2005;30:143-149.

  12. Parkinson SK, Mueller JB, Littel WL, et al. Extent of blockade with various approaches to the lumbar plexus. Anesth Analg 1989;68:243-8.

  13. Hanna MH, Peal SJ, D‘Costa F. Lumbar plexus block: An anatomical study. Anaesthesia 1993;48:675-678.

  14. Capdevila X, Macaire P, Dadure C, Choquet O, Biboulet Ph, Ryckwaert Y, d’Athis F. Continuous psoas compartment block for postoperative analgesia after total hip arthroplasty: New landmarks, technical guidelines, and clinical evaluation. Anesth Analg 2002;94:1606-13.

  15. Awad I, Duggan E. Posterior lumbar plexus block: Anatomy, Approaches, and Techniques. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2005;30:143-9.

  16. Nemethy M, Paroli L, et al. Assessing sedation with regional anesthesia: Inter-Rater Agreement on a Modified Wilson Sedation Scale. Anesth Analg 2002;94:723-728.

  17. Padin PC, Vandesteene A, d’Hollander AA. Lumbar plexus posterior approach: A catheter placement description using electrical nerves stimulation. Anesth Analg 2002;95:1428-1431.

  18. Kirchmair L, Entner T, Kapral S, Mitterschiffhaler G. Ultrasound guidance for the psoas compartment block: an imaging study. Anesth Analg 2002;94:706-10.

  19. Kirchmair L. et al. Lumbar plexus in children a sonographic study and its relevance to pediatric regional anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2004;101:445-50.

  20. Dalens B, Tanguy A, Vanneuville G. Lumbar plexus block in children: Comparison of two procedures in 50 patients. Anesth Analg 1988;67:750-8.

  21. De Visme V, Picart F, Le Jouan R, et al. Combined lumbar and sacral plexus block compared with plain bupivacaine spinal anesthesia for hip fractures in the elderly. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2000;25:158-62.

  22. White IWC, Chappell WA. Anaesthesia for surgical correction of fractured femoral neck—a comparison of three techniques. Anaesthesia 1990;35:1107-1110.

  23. Stevens RD, Van Gessel EV, Flory N, et al. Lumbar plexus block reduces pain and blood loss associated with total hip arthroplasty. Anesthesiology 2000;93:115-21.

  24. Goroszeniuk T, Vadi. Repeated Psoas compartment blocks for the management of long-standing hip. Pain Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001;26:376-378.

  25. Chudinov A, Berkenstadt H, Salai M, Cahana A, Perel A. Continuous psoas compartment block for anesthesia and perioperative analgesia in patients with hip fractures. Reg Anesth and Pain Med. 1999;24:563-568.

  26. Ilfeld BM, Enneking FK. Continuous peripheral nerve blocks at home: A review. Anesth Analg 2005;100:1822-1833.

  27. Biboulet P, Morau D, Aubas P, Bringuier BS, Capdevila X. Postoperative analgesia after total-hip arthroplasty: Comparison of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine and single injection of femoral nerve or psoas compartment block. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Reg Anesth and Pain Med 2004;29:102 - 109.

  28. Turker G, Uckunkaya N, Yavascaoglu B, Yilmazlar A, Ozcelik S. Comparison of the catheter-technique psoas compartment block and the epidural block for analgesia in partial hip replacement surgery. Acta Anaesthe Scandi 2003;47:30-36.

  29. Auroy Y, Benhamou D, Bargues L, Ecoffey C, Falissard B, Mercier FJ, Bouaziz H, Samii K, Mercier F. Major complications of regional anesthesia in France: The SOS Regional Anesthesia Hotline Service. Anesthesiology 2002;97:1274-1280.

  30. Al-Nasser B, Palacios J. Femoral nerve injury complicating continuous psoas compartment block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2004;29:361-363..

  31. Awad I, Duggan E. Posterior lumbar plexus block: Anatomy, approaches, and techniques. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2005;30:143-9.

  32. Dalens B, Tanguy A, Haberer JP. Lumbar epidural anesthesia for operative and postoperative pain relief in infants and young children. Anesth Analg 1986;65:1069-73.

  33. Dalens 8, Haberer JP. Epidural anesthesia in children. Anesthesiology 1987;66:714-5.

  34. Dadure C, Raux O, Gaudard P, Sagintaah M, Troncin M, Rochette A, Capdevila X. Continuous psoas compartment blocks after major orthopedic surgery in children: A prospective computed tomographic scan and clinical studies. Anesth Analg 2004;98:623-8.

  35. Schuepfer G, Jo M. Psoas compartment block in children: Part I. Description of the technique. Pediatric Anesthesia 2005:15:461-64.

  36. Sciard D, Matuszczak M, Gebhard R, et al. Continuous posterior lumbar plexus block for acute postoperative pain control in young children. Anesthesiology 2001;95:1521-3.

  37. Capdevila X, Nadeau M. Lumbar paravertebra (psoas cmpartment) block En: Boezart anesthesia and orhopaedic surgery. Mc Graw-Hill USA 2006:359-370.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com