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Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2009, Número 2

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Rev Biomed 2009; 20 (2)


La marihuana y el sistema endocanabinoide: De sus efectos recreativos a la terapéutica

Netzahualcoyotzi-Piedra C, Muñoz-Arenas G, Martínez-García I, Florán-Garduño B, Limón-Pérez ID

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 110
Paginas: 128-153
Archivo PDF: 485.19 Kb.


RESUMEN

El uso de plantas alucinógenas ha formado parte de la experiencia humana por milenios. Sin embargo, sólo recientemente se ha iniciado el estudio minucioso de los principios activos de éstas, generando un crecimiento vertiginoso en el interés por los alucinógenos, las consecuencias de su uso recreativo y su posible valor terapéutico.Por el momento, aún nos encontramos en espera de los resultados que permitan valorar plenamente los beneficios que, en el ámbito de la salud, podrían obtenerse del uso racional de los principios activos de las plantas psicoactivas. En el caso de la marihuana, ésta ha sido estigmatizada por los efectos de su uso recreativo; sin embargo, en la medicina tradicional ha demostrado un efecto benéfico para aliviar diversos padecimientos humanos. Debido a ello, en este texto se hace una revisión de los efectos recreativos y terapéuticos de Cannabis spp. en el humano; además, se describe el sistema endógeno que reconoce los principios activos de esta planta: el sistema endocanabinoid e. Éste se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en el sistema nervioso central y ha despertado la curiosidad de los investigadores, cuyos recientes estudios apoyan la idea de que el sistema endocanabinoide desempeña un papel muy importante en la neuromodulación de ciertos neurotransmisores, como el ácido γ-aminobutírico, El uso de plantas alucinógenas ha formado parte de la experiencia humana por milenios. Sin embargo, sólo recientemente se ha iniciado el estudio minucioso de los principios activos de éstas, generando un crecimiento vertiginoso en el interés por los alucinógenos, las consecuencias de su uso recreativo y su posible valor terapéutico. Por el momento, aún nos encontramos en espera de los resultados que permitan valorar plenamente los beneficios que, en el ámbito de la salud, podrían obtenerse del uso racional de los principios activos de las plantas psicoactivas. En el caso de la marihuana, ésta ha sido estigmatizada por los efectos de su uso recreativo; sin embargo, en la medicina tradicional ha demostrado un efecto benéfico para aliviar diversos padecimientos humanos. Debido a ello, en este texto se hace una revisión de los efectos recreativos y terapéuticos de Cannabis spp. en el humano; además, se describe el sistema endógeno que reconoce los principios activos de esta planta: el sistema endocanabinoide. Éste se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en el sistema nervioso central y ha despertado la curiosidad de los investigadores, cuyos recientes estudios apoyan la idea de que el sistema endocanabinoide desempeña un papel muy importante en la neuromodulación de ciertos neurotransmisores, como el ácido γ-aminobutírico, el glutamato y la serotonina. El recién descubierto sistema endocanabinoide pudiera ser un blanco farmacológico importante y, por lo tanto, el uso terapéutico de Cannabis spp. se va fortaleciendo día a día.


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