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2000, Número 1

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Salud Mental 2000; 23 (1)


Otro sistema de transmisión opioide en el cerebro de los mamíferos. Endomorfinas y receptor opioide mu. Parte I

Leff P, Acevedo R, Valdés A, Martínez I, Morales A, Calva JC, Antón B

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas: 46-53
Archivo PDF: 169.63 Kb.


RESUMEN

La modulación de la transmisión nociceptiva al sistema nervioso central está regulada por una intricada red de sistemas neuronales que incluyen fibras nerviosas aferentes que penetran el cuerno dorsal de la médula espinal y que hacen contactos sinápticos y polisinápticos con neuronas locales o interneuronas localizadas en los diferentes estratos o laminaciones del cuerno dorsal, así como neuronas de proyección ascendente. Estas neuronas contienen distintos grupos de neurotransmisores de naturaleza peptídica y no peptídica, que al liberarse producen potenciales sinápticos excitatorios o inhibitorios modulando así las señales eléctricas entrantes referentes a la transmisión del impulso nervioso de modalidad nociceptiva. De esta manera, se ha demostrado en forma inicial que los péptidos opioides, como las encefalinas, son capaces de modular la transmisión nociceptinérgica mediante la activación de los receptores opiodes mu y delta, inhibiendo de forma importante la liberación de sustancia P a partir de las neuronas aferentes que penetran los estratos superficiales del cuerno dorsal de la médula espinal. Asimismo, se ha demostrado la existencia de vías neuronales supraespinales de proyección descendente que parecen modular la información nociceptiva proveniente de neuronas espinales de proyección ascendente, mismas que son sensibles a la acción farmacológica de agonistas y antagonistas opioides. Las endomorfinas, como otro grupo de moléculas transmisoras en el cerebro de los mamíferos, parecen regular y modular de forma importante la transmisión nociceptiva a nivel espinal y a nivel supraespinal en las regiones anátomicas relacionadas con la generación de respuestas de tipo analgésico.


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