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Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2000, Número 6

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Salud Mental 2000; 23 (6)


Tratamiento farmacológico del TOC

Lóyzaga C, Nicolini H

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 71
Paginas: 40-45
Archivo PDF: 115.75 Kb.


RESUMEN

El abordaje farmacológico del TOC se basa en los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptura de serotonina (ISRS), medicamentos que han resultado ser efectivos y seguros. Como grupo, los ISRS son igual de eficaces que la clorimipramina, pero producen menos efectos secundarios y, por lo tanto, mejor tolerancia y mejor apego al tratamiento. La efectividad antiobsesiva parece ser independiente de su actividad antidepresiva. Entre los factores predictores de respuesta al tratameinto, se ha propuesto que los altos puntajes en las compulsiones predicen una mala respuesta al tratamiento. Para los casos refractarios y resistentes o cuando hay síntomas de comorbilidad, se han utilizado, con relativo éxito, combinaciones con diferentes IRS, con benzodiacepinas, o bien, con potenciadores como el litio, o antipsicóticos, como la risperidona y el haloperidol. El uso del carbonato de litio es controvertido, aunque parece ser útil como potenciador a largo plazo entre 15 y 30% de los pacientes. La combinación de ISRS con antipsicóticos comenzó a utilizarse en los pacientes con síntomas psicóticos, aunque ahora se combinan también en los pacientes resistentes. El manejo farmacológico de los niños con TOC se ha basado en la utilización de ISRS, que han resultado ser seguros, eficaces y bien tolerados en este grupo de edad. A lo largo del presente trabajo describiremos las características farmacológicas y la respuesta clínica de los medicamentos utilizados en el manejo de este trastorno.


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