Stempa BO

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RESUMEN

El eje entero – insular es un sistema en el que péptidos de origen intestinal, llamados incretinas, estimulan la producción y secreción de insulina en la célula beta del islote pancreático luego de su unión a receptores específicos. El péptido similar a glucagón tipo 1 (GLP-1) ha sido la incretina mejor estudiada y su deficiencia en el paciente con diabetes tipo 2 ha podido comprobarse en varios estudios. El exenatide es el primer mimético de GLP – 1 que se utilizó en pacientes con DM2. Existen otros fármacos, análogos de esta hormona, como el liraglutide y el albiglutide, que comparten muchos de los efectos del GLP-1 nativo. La eficacia, en términos de hemoglobina glucosilada, ha mostrado ser similar a la de la insulina, pero sin el potencial peligro de hipoglucemia. Se ha propuesto que estos medicamentos poseen un efecto antiapoptótico o regenerador sobre las células beta en modelos animales y en cultivos humanos in vitro, mismo que deberá seguir siendo estudiado.

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