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Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2000, Número 4

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Salud Mental 2000; 23 (4)


Neurobiology of addiction: Neuroanatomical, neurochemical, molecular and genetic aspects of morphine and cocaine addiction. Part II

Anton B, Calva JC, Valdez A, Acevedo R, Morales A, Medecigo M, Leff P

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 63
Paginas: 38-44
Archivo PDF: 261.32 Kb.


RESUMEN

La adiccion a las drogas de abuso ilegal se considera hoy en dia como un trastorno neuropsiquiatrico que repercute ampliamente en la salud del individuo y en el bienestar de la sociedad. Desde hace mas de dos decadas, diversos estudios de investigaci6n en el campo de la neurofarmacologfa y la neuroqufmica han demostrado que la mayorfa de las drogas de abuso actuan alterando diferentes sistemas de neurotransmisi6n, que modifican permanentemente las funciones qufmicas y moleculares de las neuronas que operan en estos sistemas. Si bien se ha demostrado en animales modelos de auto-administraci6n de drogas psicoadictivas, que el sustrato neuroanat6mico implicado directamente en el inicio, desarrollo y consolidaci6n del fenomeno adictivo para la gran mayorfa de las drogas de abuso (v.g., psicoestimulantes y alcaloides oplaceos) es el sistema dopaminergico mesocorticolfmbico; hay adernas otros sistemas de neurotransmisi6n que tam bien parecen ser modificados funcionalmente durante el consumo cr6nico y reiterado de las drogas con perfil psicoadictivo (v.g., etanol, nicotina) como son, el sistema de transrnision GABAergico (GABA), el sistema serotoninerqico, el sistema de transmlsion opioide endoqeno y otros sistemas de transrnision de naturaleza peptfdica, recientemente descritos, que en conjunto modulan en forma directa 0 indirecta la fisiologia neuronal del sistema de proyeccion doparninerqico mesocorticolimbico. Por 10 tanto, los cambios neuroadaptativos que ocurren a largo plazo en los diferentes sistemas de neurotransrnision que operan durante el desarrollo y el establecimiento del fenomeno adictivo a cualquier droga psicoadictiva, representa un fenorneno neurobioloqico que esta reflejado en su totalidad por los carnbios neuroquimicos y moleculares que se establecen en los sistemas de neurotransrnislon y, por ende, en las propias neuronas que operan en estos circuitos neurofuncionales.


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