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ISSN 0187-5337 (Impreso)
Instituto Nacional de Perinatología

2000, Número 2

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Perinatol Reprod Hum 2000; 14 (2)


El ozono como molécula reactiva. Concepto actual

Calderón-Guzmán D, Hernández-Islas JL, Castilla-Serna L, Hernández-García E, Barragán-Mejía G, Rodríguez-Pérez RA, Villegas-Osnaya G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 94
Paginas: 115-123
Archivo PDF: 161.13 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los radicales libres son especies químicas de gran reactividad. El ozono se caracteriza por ser un contaminante del aire, que está presente sobre todo en las grandes ciudades, a pesar de que no es propiamente un radical libre, es promotor de varios de ellos, por ejemplo, los radicales hidroxilo y peróxido. Los radicales libres también se generan como parte del metabolismo celular y son controlados por mecanismos de carácter endógeno, principalmente de tipo enzimático, resaltan por su importancia, las enzimas superóxido dismutasa, catalasa y glutatión peroxidasa. Diversos reportes señalan la participación del ozono en la producción de alteraciones en funciones neurológicas, conductuales, endocrinas y genéticas entre otras. Por otra parte, bajo condiciones controladas, el ozono ha sido utilizado con fines terapéuticos en el tratamiento de enfermedades virales. De manera que el ozono, puede verse como benéfico o dañino, dependiendo de su concentración y de la capacidad del metabolismo celular del organismo, para regular la producción de radicales libres, hasta culminar con la oxidación de moléculas orgánicas y producir CO2 y H2O.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Franklin J. Radicales libres. Ciencia Cosmética. 1997; Vol. 3: 45-48

  2. Mustafa MG. Biochemical basis of ozone toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 1990; 9(3): 245-65.

  3. Reiter RJ, Carneiro RC, Oh CS. Melatonin in relation to cellular antioxidative defenses mechanisms. Horm Metab Res 1997; 29(8): 363-72.

  4. D´Erme M, Scarchilli A, Artale AM, Pasquali Lasagni M. Ozone therapy in lumbar sciatic pain. Radiol Med 1998; 95(1-2): 21-4.

  5. Chen LC, Qu Q. Formation of intracellular free radicals in guinea pig airway epithelium during in vitro exposure to ozone. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997; 143(1): 96-101.

  6. Pryor WA. Mechanisms of radical formation from reactions of ozone with target molecules in the lung. Free Radic Biol Med 1994; 17(5): 451-65.

  7. Reiter RJ. Oxidative damage in the central nervous system: protection by melatonin. Prog Neurobiol 1998; 56(3): 359-384.

  8. Balakrishnan SD, Anuradha CV. Exercise, depletion of antioxidants and antioxidant manipulation. Cell Biochem Funct 1998; 16(4): 269-275.

  9. William A. Pryor. Free Radicals in Biology. Vol. IV. Nueva York, USA: Academic Press, 1980.

  10. Niwa Y [Oxidative injury and its defense system in vivo]. [Article in Japanese] Rinsho Byori 1999; 47(3): 189-209.

  11. Whiteside C, Hassan HM. Role of oxyradicals in the inactivation of catalase by ozone. Free Radic Biol Med 1988; 5(5-6): 305-12.

  12. Pryor WA. Can vitamin E protect humans against the pathological effects of ozone in smog? Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53(3): 702-22.

  13. Parthiban A, Vijayalingam S, Shanmugasundaram KR, Mohan R. Oxidative stress and the development of diabetic complications-antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and cell membrane. Cell Biol Int 1995; 19(12): 987-93.

  14. Hicks JJ, Medina-Navarro R, Guzman-Grenfell A, Wacher N, Lifshitz A. Possible effect of air pollutants (Mexico City) on superoxide dismutase activity and serum lipoperoxides in the human adult. Arch Med Res 1996; 27(2): 145-9.

  15. Devlin RB, McDonnell WF, Mann R, Becker S, House DE, Schreinemachers D, Koren HS. Exposure of humans to ambient levels of ozone for 6.6 hours causes cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1991; 4(1): 72-81.

  16. Menzel DB. The role of free radicals in the toxicity of air pollutants. In: Free radicals in biology. WA Pryor Ed; New York: Academic Press. 1976.

  17. Madden MC, Friedman M, Hanley N, Siegler E et al. Chemical nature immunotoxicological properties of arachidonic acid degradation products formed by exposure to ozone. Environ Health Perspect 1993; 101: 154-164.

  18. Monn C, Hangartner MJ. Air Waste Manage Assoc 1990; 40: 357-358.

  19. De Haan JB, Cristiano F, Iannello RC, Kola I. Cu/Zn-Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase during aging. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1995; 35: 1281-97.

  20. Kanofsky JR, Sima P. Singlet oxygen production from the reactions of ozone with biological molecules. J Biol Chem 1991; 266(14): 9039-42.

  21. Ueno I, Hoshino M, Miura T, Shinriki N. Ozone exposure generates free radicals in the blood samples in vitro. Detection by the ESR spin-trapping technique. Free Radic Res 1998; 29(2): 127-35.

  22. Ehhalt DH. Free radicals in the atmosphere. Free Radic Res Commun 1987; 3(1-5): 153-64.

  23. Kaur H, Halliwell B. Aromatic hydroxylation of phenylalanine as an assay for hydroxyl radicals. Measurement of hydroxyl radical formation from ozone and in blood from premature babies using improved HPLC methodology. Anal Biochem 1994; 220(1): 11-5.

  24. Mehlman MA, Borek C. Toxicity and biochemical mechanisms of ozone. Environ Res 1987; 42: 36-53.

  25. Mccord JM, Fridovich I. The biology and pathology of oxygen radicals. Ann Int Med 1978; 89: 122-127.

  26. Scheel LD, Dobrogorski OJ, Mountain JT et al. Physiologic, biochemical, immunologic and pathology changes following ozone exposure. J Appl Physiol 1959; 14: 67-80.

  27. Witz G, Amuroso MA, Golstein B. Effect of ozone on alveolar macrophage function membrane dynamic properties. In: Advances in modern environmental toxicology. Vol. V International Symposium on the Biomedical Effects of Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. SD Lee, MG Mustafa & MA Melhman (Eds.). Princeton N.J.: Princeton Scientific Pub. 1983.

  28. Reyes Haro, Paz C. Effects of ozone exposure during pregnancy on ontogeny of sleep in rats. Neuroscience Letters 1993; 164: 67-70.

  29. Willekens H, Van-Camp W, Van-Montagu M, Inzé D, Langebartels Ch, Sandermann H, Jr. Ozone, sulfur dioxide, and ultraviolet B have similar effects on mRNA accumulation of antioxidant genes in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Plant Physiol 1994; 106: 1007-1014.

  30. Bignami G, Musi B, Dell´omo G, Laviola G, and Alleva E. Limited effects of ozone exposure during pregnancy on physical and neurobehavioral development of CD-1 mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1994; 129: 264-271.

  31. Borek C, Troll W. Modifiers of free radical inhibit in vitro the oncogenic action of X-rays, bleomycin and the tumor promotor TPA. Proc Acad Sci 1983; 80: 1304-1307.

  32. Gunnison AF, Finkelstein I. Lung. Rat lung phospholipid fatty acid composition in prepregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats: relationship to ozoneinduced pulmonary toxicity.1991; 175(2): 127-37.

  33. Paz TC. Some consequences of ozone exposure on health. Archives of Medical Research 1997; 28(2): 163-170.

  34. Rose RC, Richer SP, Bode AM. Ocular oxidants and antioxidant protection. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998; 217(4): 397-407.

  35. Van Kuijk FJ. Effects of ultraviolet light on the eye: role of protective glasses. Environ Health Perspect 1991; 96: 177-84.

  36. Gunnison AF, Hatch GE. O3-induced inflammation in prepregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats correlates with O3 dose estimated by 180. Am J Physiol 1999; 276(2 pt 1): 332-40.

  37. Gunnison AF, Weideman PA, Sobo M. Enhanced inflammatory response to acute ozono exposure in rats during pregnancy and lactation. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1992; 19(4): 607-12.

  38. Goldstein BD, Lodi C, Collinson C, Balchum. Ozone and lipid peroxidation. Arch Environ Health 1969; 18: 631-635.

  39. Meadows J, Smith RC, Reeves J. Uric acid protects membranes and linolenic acid from ozone-induced oxidation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 137(1): 536-41.

  40. Vatassery GT. Vitamin E and other endogenous antioxidants in the central nervous system. Geriatrics 1998; 53(Suppl 1): S25-7.

  41. Crespo ME, García MJ, Arauzo JL, Escames G, Acuña CD. Mecanismos de neuroprotección de la melatonina durante el envejecimiento. Arch Neurocien Mex 1997; 2(4): 247-257.

  42. León OS, Menéndez S, Merino N, Castillo R, Sam S, Pérez L, Cruz E, Bocci V. Ozone oxidative preconditioning: a protection against cellular damage by free radicals. Mediators Inflamm 1998; 7(4): 289-94.

  43. Bocci V, Paulesu L. Studies on the biological effects of ozone 1. Induction of interferon gamma on human leucocytes. Haematologica 1990; 75(6): 510-5.

  44. Ivanchenko. Ozone hemotherapy and the basal metabolic pathways of body adaptation in gestoses. Lik Sprava 1998; (4): 149-50.

  45. Shinriky N, Suzuki T, Takama K, Fukunaga K, Ohgiya S, Kubota K, Miura T. Susceptibilities of plasma antioxidants and erythrocyte constituents to low levels of ozone. Haematologia 1998; 29(3): 229-39.

  46. Laszczyca P, Kawka-Serwecinska E, Witas I, Dolezych B, Falkus B, Mekail A, Ziolkowska B, Madej P, Migula P. Lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidative enzymes in the rat model of ozone therapy. Mater Med Pol 1996; 28(4): 155-60.

  47. Zentella de Piña M, Saldaña-Balmori Y. Papel fisiológico de los radicales libres. Bol Educ Bioq (México) 1996 15(4): 152-161.

  48. Franklin J. Radicales libres. Ciencia Cosmética. 1997; Vol. 3: 45-48

  49. Mustafa MG. Biochemical basis of ozone toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 1990; 9(3): 245-65.

  50. Reiter RJ, Carneiro RC, Oh CS. Melatonin in relation to cellular antioxidative defenses mechanisms. Horm Metab Res 1997; 29(8): 363-72.

  51. D´Erme M, Scarchilli A, Artale AM, Pasquali Lasagni M. Ozone therapy in lumbar sciatic pain. Radiol Med 1998; 95(1-2): 21-4.

  52. Chen LC, Qu Q. Formation of intracellular free radicals in guinea pig airway epithelium during in vitro exposure to ozone. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997; 143(1): 96-101.

  53. Pryor WA. Mechanisms of radical formation from reactions of ozone with target molecules in the lung. Free Radic Biol Med 1994; 17(5): 451-65.

  54. Reiter RJ. Oxidative damage in the central nervous system: protection by melatonin. Prog Neurobiol 1998; 56(3): 359-384.

  55. Balakrishnan SD, Anuradha CV. Exercise, depletion of antioxidants and antioxidant manipulation. Cell Biochem Funct 1998; 16(4): 269-275.

  56. William A. Pryor. Free Radicals in Biology. Vol. IV. Nueva York, USA: Academic Press, 1980.

  57. Niwa Y [Oxidative injury and its defense system in vivo]. [Article in Japanese] Rinsho Byori 1999; 47(3): 189-209.

  58. Whiteside C, Hassan HM. Role of oxyradicals in the inactivation of catalase by ozone. Free Radic Biol Med 1988; 5(5-6): 305-12.

  59. Pryor WA. Can vitamin E protect humans against the pathological effects of ozone in smog? Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53(3): 702-22.

  60. Parthiban A, Vijayalingam S, Shanmugasundaram KR, Mohan R. Oxidative stress and the development of diabetic complications-antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and cell membrane. Cell Biol Int 1995; 19(12): 987-93.

  61. Hicks JJ, Medina-Navarro R, Guzman-Grenfell A, Wacher N, Lifshitz A. Possible effect of air pollutants (Mexico City) on superoxide dismutase activity and serum lipoperoxides in the human adult. Arch Med Res 1996; 27(2): 145-9.

  62. Devlin RB, McDonnell WF, Mann R, Becker S, House DE, Schreinemachers D, Koren HS. Exposure of humans to ambient levels of ozone for 6.6 hours causes cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1991; 4(1): 72-81.

  63. Menzel DB. The role of free radicals in the toxicity of air pollutants. In: Free radicals in biology. WA Pryor Ed; New York: Academic Press. 1976.

  64. Madden MC, Friedman M, Hanley N, Siegler E et al. Chemical nature immunotoxicological properties of arachidonic acid degradation products formed by exposure to ozone. Environ Health Perspect 1993; 101: 154-164.

  65. Monn C, Hangartner MJ. Air Waste Manage Assoc 1990; 40: 357-358.

  66. De Haan JB, Cristiano F, Iannello RC, Kola I. Cu/Zn-Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase during aging. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1995; 35: 1281-97.

  67. Kanofsky JR, Sima P. Singlet oxygen production from the reactions of ozone with biological molecules. J Biol Chem 1991; 266(14): 9039-42.

  68. Ueno I, Hoshino M, Miura T, Shinriki N. Ozone exposure generates free radicals in the blood samples in vitro. Detection by the ESR spin-trapping technique. Free Radic Res 1998; 29(2): 127-35.

  69. Ehhalt DH. Free radicals in the atmosphere. Free Radic Res Commun 1987; 3(1-5): 153-64.

  70. Kaur H, Halliwell B. Aromatic hydroxylation of phenylalanine as an assay for hydroxyl radicals. Measurement of hydroxyl radical formation from ozone and in blood from premature babies using improved HPLC methodology. Anal Biochem 1994; 220(1): 11-5.

  71. Mehlman MA, Borek C. Toxicity and biochemical mechanisms of ozone. Environ Res 1987; 42: 36-53.

  72. Mccord JM, Fridovich I. The biology and pathology of oxygen radicals. Ann Int Med 1978; 89: 122-127.

  73. Scheel LD, Dobrogorski OJ, Mountain JT et al. Physiologic, biochemical, immunologic and pathology changes following ozone exposure. J Appl Physiol 1959; 14: 67-80.

  74. Witz G, Amuroso MA, Golstein B. Effect of ozone on alveolar macrophage function membrane dynamic properties. In: Advances in modern environmental toxicology. Vol. V International Symposium on the Biomedical Effects of Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. SD Lee, MG Mustafa & MA Melhman (Eds.). Princeton N.J.: Princeton Scientific Pub. 1983.

  75. Reyes Haro, Paz C. Effects of ozone exposure during pregnancy on ontogeny of sleep in rats. Neuroscience Letters 1993; 164: 67-70.

  76. Willekens H, Van-Camp W, Van-Montagu M, Inzé D, Langebartels Ch, Sandermann H, Jr. Ozone, sulfur dioxide, and ultraviolet B have similar effects on mRNA accumulation of antioxidant genes in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Plant Physiol 1994; 106: 1007-1014.

  77. Bignami G, Musi B, Dell´omo G, Laviola G, and Alleva E. Limited effects of ozone exposure during pregnancy on physical and neurobehavioral development of CD-1 mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1994; 129: 264-271.

  78. Borek C, Troll W. Modifiers of free radical inhibit in vitro the oncogenic action of X-rays, bleomycin and the tumor promotor TPA. Proc Acad Sci 1983; 80: 1304-1307.

  79. Gunnison AF, Finkelstein I. Lung. Rat lung phospholipid fatty acid composition in prepregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats: relationship to ozoneinduced pulmonary toxicity.1991; 175(2): 127-37.

  80. Paz TC. Some consequences of ozone exposure on health. Archives of Medical Research 1997; 28(2): 163-170.

  81. Rose RC, Richer SP, Bode AM. Ocular oxidants and antioxidant protection. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998; 217(4): 397-407.

  82. Van Kuijk FJ. Effects of ultraviolet light on the eye: role of protective glasses. Environ Health Perspect 1991; 96: 177-84.

  83. Gunnison AF, Hatch GE. O3-induced inflammation in prepregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats correlates with O3 dose estimated by 180. Am J Physiol 1999; 276(2 pt 1): 332-40.

  84. Gunnison AF, Weideman PA, Sobo M. Enhanced inflammatory response to acute ozono exposure in rats during pregnancy and lactation. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1992; 19(4): 607-12.

  85. Goldstein BD, Lodi C, Collinson C, Balchum. Ozone and lipid peroxidation. Arch Environ Health 1969; 18: 631-635.

  86. Meadows J, Smith RC, Reeves J. Uric acid protects membranes and linolenic acid from ozone-induced oxidation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 137(1): 536-41.

  87. Vatassery GT. Vitamin E and other endogenous antioxidants in the central nervous system. Geriatrics 1998; 53(Suppl 1): S25-7.

  88. Crespo ME, García MJ, Arauzo JL, Escames G, Acuña CD. Mecanismos de neuroprotección de la melatonina durante el envejecimiento. Arch Neurocien Mex 1997; 2(4): 247-257.

  89. León OS, Menéndez S, Merino N, Castillo R, Sam S, Pérez L, Cruz E, Bocci V. Ozone oxidative preconditioning: a protection against cellular damage by free radicals. Mediators Inflamm 1998; 7(4): 289-94.

  90. Bocci V, Paulesu L. Studies on the biological effects of ozone 1. Induction of interferon gamma on human leucocytes. Haematologica 1990; 75(6): 510-5.

  91. Ivanchenko. Ozone hemotherapy and the basal metabolic pathways of body adaptation in gestoses. Lik Sprava 1998; (4): 149-50.

  92. Shinriky N, Suzuki T, Takama K, Fukunaga K, Ohgiya S, Kubota K, Miura T. Susceptibilities of plasma antioxidants and erythrocyte constituents to low levels of ozone. Haematologia 1998; 29(3): 229-39.

  93. Laszczyca P, Kawka-Serwecinska E, Witas I, Dolezych B, Falkus B, Mekail A, Ziolkowska B, Madej P, Migula P. Lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidative enzymes in the rat model of ozone therapy. Mater Med Pol 1996; 28(4): 155-60.

  94. Zentella de Piña M, Saldaña-Balmori Y. Papel fisiológico de los radicales libres. Bol Educ Bioq (México) 1996 15(4): 152-161.




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