medigraphic.com
Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

2009, Número 4

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2009; 66 (4)


Apego al tratamiento antirretroviral en adolescentes

Xochihua-Díaz L

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 306-313
Archivo PDF: 113.78 Kb.


RESUMEN

La adherencia o el apego se definen como la medida en la cual el paciente sigue la modalidad de tratamiento acordada o la intervención prescrita.
La adherencia o el apego son la piedra angular para el éxito terapéutico, con la consecuente disminución de la carga viral y elevación de los CD4, la mejora importante en la calidad de vida, así como un futuro adecuado en el manejo de otros esquemas terapéuticos y la disminución de la resistencia a los antirretrovirales en pacientes infectados con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Estudios prospectivos en adultos y niños han demostrado que el riesgo de la falla virológica aumenta en proporción a la pérdida de dosis administradas, así como a la producción de resistencias. Las evidencias indican que en los niños y adolescentes, los problemas de adherencia ocurren frecuentemente; múltiples estudios han reportado que esto se presenta desde un muy bajo porcentaje hasta 50% en los niños. Una variedad de factores, como la formulación médica (presentación farmacéutica), la frecuencia de dosis, la edad del niño y las características piscosociales de los padres y de los niños, han sido asociados a la adherencia, lo cual está cambiando, particularmente cuando los adolescentes no quieren ser diferentes a otros.
En la práctica clínica, el uso de sistemas de recordatorio, como buscapersonas y dispositivos de despertadores, son aceptados por algunos adolescentes.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Paterson DL, Swindells S, Mohr J, et al. Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 133: 21-30.

  2. Van Dyke RB, Lee S, Johnson GM, et al. Reported adherence as a determinant of response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in children who have human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatrics. 2002; 109: e61.

  3. Watson DC, Farley JJ. Efficacy of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999; 18: 682-9.

  4. Flynn PM, Rudy BJ, Douglas SD, et al., and Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Group 381 Study Team. Virologic and immunologic outcomes after 24 weeks in HIV type 1-infected adolescents receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infec Dis. 2004; 190: 271-9.

  5. Howard AA, Arnsten JH, Lo Y, et al. Prospective study of adherence and viral load in a large multi-center cohort of HIV-infected women. AIDS. 2002; 16: 2175-82.

  6. Murphy DA, Sarr M, Durako SJ, et al. Adolescent Medicine HIV/AIDS Research Network. Barriers to HAART adherence among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003; 157: 249-55.

  7. Chadwick EG, Rodman JH, Britto P, et al. PACTG Protocol 345 Team. Ritonavir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected infants younger than 24 months of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005; 24: 793-800.

  8. Reddington C, Choen J, Baldillo A, et al. Adherence to medication regimens among children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000; 19: 1148-53.

  9. Katko E, Johnson GM, Fowler SL, Turner RB. Assessment of adherence with medications in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001; 20: 1174-6.

  10. Mellins CA, Brackis-Cott E, Dolezal C, Abrams EJ. The role of psychosocial and family factors in adherence to antiretroviral treatment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004; 23: 1035-41.

  11. French T, Weiss L, Waters M, et al. Correlation of a brief perceived stress measure with nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy over time. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005; 38: 590-7.

  12. Gibb DM, Goodall RL, Giacomet V, et al. Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS Steering Committee. Adherence to prescribed antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in the PENTA 5 trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003; 22: 56-62.

  13. Belzer ME, Fuchs DN, Luftman GS, Tucker DJ. Antiretroviral adherence issues among HIV-positive adolescents and young adults. J Adolesc Health. 1999; 25: 316-9.

  14. Murphy DA, Belzer M, Durako SJ, et al. Adolescent Medicine HIV/AIDS Research Network. Longitudinal antiretroviral adherence among adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005; 159: 764-70.

  15. Rogers AS, Miller S, Murphy DA, et al. The TREAT (Therapeutic Regimens Enhancing Adherence in Teens) program: theory and preliminary results. J Adolesc Health. 2001; 29 Suppl 3: S30-8.

  16. Lyon ME, Trexler C, Akpan-Townsend C, et al. Family group approach to increasing adherence to therapy in HIV-infected youths: results of a pilot project. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2003; 17: 299-308.

  17. AIDS Institute New York State Department of Health. Supportive care issues for children with HIV infection. 2001: 18-1-18-22. Available from: http://www.hivguidelines.org/GuidelineDocuments/p-suppcare.pdf

  18. Farley J, Hines S, Musk A, et al. Assessment of adherence to antiviral therapy in HIV-infected children using the Medication Event Monitoring System, pharmacy refill, provider assessment, caregiver self-report, and appointment keeping. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003; 33: 211-8.

  19. Wiener L, Riekert K, Ryder C, Wood LV. Assessing medication adherence in adolescents with HIV when electronic monitoring is not feasible. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2004; 18: 527-38.

  20. Bond WS, Hussar DA. Detection methods and strategies for improving medication compliance. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1991; 48: 1978-88.

  21. Gigliotti F, Murante BL, Weinberg GA. Short course directly observed therapy to monitor compliance with antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001; 20: 716-8.

  22. Czyzewski DI, Runyan D, Lopez MA, et al. Teaching and maintaining pill swallowing in HIV-infected children. AIDS Read. 2000; 10: 88-94.

  23. Roberts GM, Wheeler JG, Tucker NC, et al. Nonadherence with pediatric human immunodeficiency virus therapy as medical neglect. Pediatrics. 2004; 114: e346-53.

  24. AIDS Institute New York State Department of Health. Promoting adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy. Available from: http://www.hivguidelines.org/Content.aspx

  25. Parsons GN, Siberry GK, Parsons JK, et al. Multidisciplinary, inpatient directly observed therapy for HIV-1-infected children and adolescents failing HAART: A retrospective study. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2006; 20: 275-84.

  26. Van Rossum AM, Bergshoeff AS, Fraaij PL, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of indinavir and nelfinavir to assess adherence to therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002; 21: 743-7.

  27. Dolezal C, Mellins C, Brackis-Cott E, Abrams EJ. The reliability of reports of medical adherence from children with HIV and their adult caregivers. J Pediatr Psychol. 2003; 28: 355-61.

  28. Haynes RB, McKibbon KA, Kanani R. Systematic review of randomised trials of interventions to assist patients to follow prescriptions for medications. Lancet. 1996; 348: 383-6.

  29. Wu AW, Ammassari A, Antinori A. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy: where are we, and where do we go from here? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002; 31 Suppl 3: S95-7.

  30. Winnick S, Lucas DO, Hartman AL, Toll D. How do you improve compliance? Pediatrics. 2005; 115: e718-24.

  31. Williams AB, Fennie KP, Bova CA, et al. Home visits to improve adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006; 42: 314-21.

  32. Jack C, Lalloo U, Karim QA, et al. A pilot study of once-daily antiretroviral therapy integrated with tuberculosis directly observed therapy in a resource-limited setting. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004; 36: 929-34.

  33. Behforouz HL, Farmer PE, Mukherjee JS. From directly observed therapy to accompaniers: enhancing AIDS treatment outcomes in Haiti and in Boston. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 38 Suppl 5: S429-36.

  34. Jayaweera DT, Kolber MA, Brill M, et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of a once-daily amprenavir/ritonavir-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in antiretroviral naive patients at risk for nonadherence: 48 -week results after 24 weeks of directly observed therapy. HIV Med. 2004; 5: 364-70.

  35. DiIorio C, Resnicow K, McDonnell M, et al. Using motivational interviewing to promote adherence to antiretroviral medications: a pilot study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2003; 14: 52-62.

  36. Hammami N, Nöstlinger C, Hoerée T, et al. Integrating adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy into children’s daily lives: a qualitative study. Pediatrics. 2004; 114: e591-7.

  37. Shingadia D, Viani RM, Yogev R, et al. Gastrostomy tube insertion for improvement of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in pediatric patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Pediatrics. 2000; 105: E80.

  38. Berrien VM, Salazar JC, Reynolds E, McKay K, and HIV Medication Adherence Intervention Group. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected pediatric patients improves with home-based intensive nursing intervention. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2004; 18: 355-63.

  39. Mitty JA, Stone VE, Sands M, et al. Directly observed therapy for the treatment of people with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a work in progress. Clin Infect Dis. 2002; 34: 98.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com