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Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2003, Número 4

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Rev Biomed 2003; 14 (4)


Biología y métodos diagnósticos del virus de la hepatitis C

Gómez-Cordero I, Álvarez-García M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 90
Paginas: 253-268
Archivo PDF: 95.06 Kb.


RESUMEN

La hepatitis C se ha convertido en la forma más común de hepatitis post-transfusional, y es la responsable de más del 70 % de las enfermedades virales del hígado. Su agente etiológico es el virus C y su transmisión se produce por vía parenteral y productos contaminados por sangre. El periodo de incubación es de 5 a 12 semanas, los anticuerpos aparecen tardíamente alrededor de las 20 semanas y pueden persistir toda la vida. La mayoría de las personas con hepatitis C no tienen síntomas y llevan vidas normales. El análisis filogenético de numerosos aislamientos del virus de la hepatitis C indican la presencia de distintos niveles de variabilidad genética: genotipos, subtipo y cuasiespecies. Raramente es diagnosticada hasta la aparición de sus complicaciones crónicas. Después de la secuenciación del genoma y la descripción del virus mediante técnicas de ingeniería genética se hizo posible el diagnóstico de laboratorio de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C. Los ensayos han ido evolucionando hasta los de tercera generación que detectan los anticuerpos del núcleo y los antígenos de las regiones no estructurales NS3 y NS5.


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