Figueroa OIM, Verdugo RA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 148
Paginas: 25-42
Archivo PDF: 181.70 Kb.

RESUMEN

Salmonella es un bacilo Gram negativo que se comporta como patógeno intracelular facultativo. Su hábitat es el aparato gastrointestinal de los animales y el hombre, nunca como microbiota normal. Se encuentra asociada a problemas gastrointestinales, septicémicos y aborto gracias a su capacidad de invasión celular y sobrevivencia intrafagocítica. Actualmente se sabe que Salmonella cuenta con cinco islas de patogenicidad. Varios genes involucrados en la invasión, apoptosis de macrófagos y activación de cascadas de fosforilación dependientes de MAP cinasas se encuentran en el centisoma 63, formando la isla de patogenicidad 1 (SPI-1). Los genes localizados en las islas SPI-2 y SPI-3 regulan la supervivencia y replicación bacteriana en los compartimientos intracelulares de fagocitos y células epiteliales. La isla SPI-4 codifica un supuesto sistema de secreción tipo I y se cree que participa en la adaptación en ambientes intracelulares. Finalmente la isla SPI-5 codifica para factores involucrados en la secreción fluida y reacción inflamatoria en la mucosa intestinal. Debido a una regulación coordinada y precisa de los genes de virulencia Salmonella logra adaptarse a cambios ambientales que se le presentan durante el proceso infeccioso.

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