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2009, Número 1

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Gac Med Mex 2009; 145 (1)


Linfangiogénesis en el cáncer y su papel en la diseminación metastásica

Utrera-Barillas MD, Castro-Manrreza ME, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez M, Benítez-Bribiesca L

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 139
Paginas: 51-60
Archivo PDF: 209.91 Kb.


RESUMEN

Es bien sabido que existen diferentes patrones de metástasis dependiendo del tipo tumoral. Por ejemplo, la diseminación metastásica de los carcinomas es vía linfática preferencialmente, las células neoplásicas llegan a los ganglios linfáticos regionales a través de vasos linfáticos aferentes preexistentes o capilares linfáticos de nueva formación; en cambio, en los sarcomas la vía principal es a través de los vasos sanguíneos. Estos patrones metastásicos han sido utilizados durante muchos años por los clínicos y cirujanos para la etapificación y resección tumoral, particularmente en cáncer de mama. Recientemente este conocimiento ha sido aplicado para la detección y resección del ganglio centinela. El sistema linfático drena el líquido intersticial de los tejidos y lo reincorpora al sistema sanguíneo; además, forma parte de la defensa inmune del huésped y en condiciones patológicas induce diferentes tipos de linfedema y participa en la invasión y metástasis. El estudio de la linfangiogénesis permaneció aletar gado por muchas décadas y no es sino hasta los últimos años que se han descrito mecanismos biomoleculares y marcadores específicos, los cuales actualmente se están utilizando para estudiar el proceso de diseminación tumoral y metástasis. Existe una tendencia hacia la aplicación clínica de este conocimiento molecular en la clínica para estimar el significado pronóstico de los tumores, así como para desarrollar estrategias terapéuticas específicas.


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